Abstract: After the industrial civilization,it comes to a stage of higher level civilization ——ecological civilization. Environmental protection is the major content of the construction of ecological civilization. Based on comprehensive analysis of the goal, task, essence, path, key and guarantee of the construction of ecological civilization,the following key points of the construction were brought forth: harmony between man and nature is its goal, protection of the ecological environment its core task, alteration of the development mode its essence, sici-tech innovation as driving force its key and institutional construction its guarantee. It is believed that through the construction of ecological civilization, sustainable development of the human society will eventually come into true.