Abstract: According to the results of the questionnaire returned from 154 national nature reserves,the principal component analysis method was applied in analyzing twenty-six indexes for evaluation of management.Six major index systems affecting management effectiveness were identified.The results show:(1)the six index systems include material guarantee,supervisory management,economic development and income,land property right and administration right,administrative enforcement of law,exchange and co-operation;(2)as far as contribution rate to management effectiveness is concerned,there is no prominent factor;(3)contribution of the factor of material guarantee accounts for 26.011%.