Abstract: Chinese agriculture is displaying such new tendencies in its development after entering the 21st century,as modernization,industrialization,structural optimization,standardization,informatization and ecologicalization.Under the background of the globalization of the world economy and China entering WTO,agricultural ecology in China is facing new challenges and tasks such as:(1)ecological issues during agricultural restructuring;(2)agricultural biological security;(3)food safety and eco agriculture construction;(4)protection of agricultural resources and biodiversity;(5)agro ecological management and ecological compensation;(6)eco environmental construction and restoration in agricultural and rural areas;(7)ecological issues in the process of migration of agricultural population and urbanization;(8)agro ecological economy and sustainable development in poor rural areas.