Abstract: By applying theories of environmental economics,a case study of the Amomum villosom cultivation in Manme Village was conducted to analyze sustainability of the Amomum villosom ecosystem in tropical forest in the aspect of economy,environment and ecology. It was discovered after Amomum villosom trees were planted that the scaling up rate of their economic benefit was much lower than that of their cost in terms of resource environment. The destruction of the eco environment induced by Amomum villosom cultivation significantly affected the yield of amomum fruit,thus stagnating their economic benefit. The alteration from extensive production to intensive one by adopting a certain rotation system may well help Amomum villosom production develop sustainably.