Abstract: Characterized by vast coverage and extra intensity, soil erosion in the Upper Yangtze River Valley has become an important indicator of the ecological and environmental deterioration in the region. Soil erosion is in part induced by natural factors such as geomorphology, geology, vegetation and precipitation, and their integrated effects, whereas aggravated erosion must be imputed to irresponsible human activities such as steep slope land cultivation, deforestation, grassland degradation and construction projects, etc.Nowadays, serious soil erosion in the valley occure as a result of the integrated effects of natural factors and human activities. The key to the control of the soil erosion in the valley is to bring human activities into harmony with the nature and conservation of soil and water by replacing unreasonable production and exploitation patterns with ecology friendly ones and by restoring and reconstructing the ecological systems, which are now still deteriorating.