Abstract: In the source region of the Huanghe River, originally, the natural condition is harsh and the ecological environment is fragile. With intensifying exploitation of the resources, the grassland and shrubby vegetation in the region has been damaged to a varying extent. As a result, the eco environment is deteriorating with each passing day, with concrete manifestation in degradation of the grassland, aggravation of soil and water loss, expansion of land desertification and reduction of the ability of water conservation. It is, therefore, of great urgency protect the eco environment of the source region of the Huanghe River by means of setting up a special ecological function reserve.