Abstract: Agricultural biodiversity is important but was neglected in China. The present situation and the trend of agricultural biodiversity in China are discussed and the main causes of the loss of agricultural biodiversity including the loss, degradation and fragmentation of habitats, monocropping,breeding and domestication of animals,overexploitation of some species, introduction and invasion of foreign species,environmental pollution and global changes have been analyzed. A series of conservation countermeasures of agricultural biodiversity in China are put forward.