Abstract: The sustainability indices of C, N, P, K under different agroecosystems were discussed. The results showed that different fertilizer application methods and different soil types had different impacts on the sustainability indices of soil nutrients. Their impacts on sustainability indices of soil C and N showed the following order: organic integrated chemical fertilizer treatment > organic fertilizer treatment > chemical fertilizer treatement, and meadow soil > paddy soil > red soil. Their impacts on sustainability indices of soil P and K showed the following order: chemical fertilizer treatment > organic integrated chemical fertilizer treatment > organic ferilizer treatment, and paddy soil > meadow soil > red soil. The results of correlation analyses indicated that the sustainability indices of soil nutrients were related or extremely related to soil nutrients, which proves that the sustainability indices of soil nutrients could be used for evaluation of soil fertility and for indicating the dynamic changes of soil nutrients.