Abstract: Biodiversity is one of the important components of natural resources. During the last 40 years the research regarding the biodiversity has developed rapidly, tens of mathematical models and diversity indices have been set to measure the biodiversity, and the functions of the biodiversity have been classified into five main categories; ecological process, research and education, culture heritage, recreation and tourism, agriculture and harvested resources. At same time the technologies for maintaining the biodiversity have been gradually and systematically developed. The ways for sustainable utilization and reasonable exploitation of biodiversity are being approached.