多层栽培制度在提高热带退化土壤生产潜力方面的作用和机制

    Effect and Mechanism of Multiple Land Use Systems on Raising Productivity of Degraded Tropical Soii

    • 摘要: 针对老胶园普遍存在的严重土壤侵蚀、肥力下降、胶乳产量低等现象,本研究结合胶园更新布置了四种PEMLU模式。几年来的试验结果表明,PEMLU模式中的FEF模式比对照减少径流量66.7%,减少土壤冲刷量65.1%,有机质从原来的0.536%增加到1.34%。四种模式增加凋落物累积量83—288%,并促进了胶树生长,开割前年均每公顷可增产值2830—6650元。WRT模式具有较强的抗灾能力。本文用FWBG模型对四种PEMLU模式进行了定量分析。结果表明,FEF模式具有最优的综合效益。WRS模式具有投资少、效益高的特点,适于大面积推广。

       

      Abstract: Four PEMLU models were established in regenerated rubber plantations in view of degraded phenomena including soil erosion , fertility decline and yield reduction in old rubber plantations. The results indicated that PEMLU models had five functions:(1)decreasing runnoff and soil loss 66. 7% and 65. 1% respectively in FEF model,as compared to the check plots (2) improving soil fertility with the amount of ground - litter being 83 - 280% more than that of the cherk plots and the content of organic matter in FEF model increasing from 0. 54% to 1. 34% 5 (3)promoting the growth of the rubber trees which leads to tapping one year earlier in PEMLU models; (4)increas ing total economic value per hectare with the annual average 2.830-6.650 yuan t and (5)reducing yield loss from natural calamity. A quantitative analysis was made on four PEMLU models by FWBG method. The results showed that the optimal benefits could be well obtained by applying FEF modei and that WRS models was suitable to extend practically to a large scale in Hainan Island owing to its low investment and high benefits.

       

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