塑料对农田生态系的污染及其防治

    The Effect of Plastic Pollution on Farm Ecosystem and the Control Countermeasures

    • 摘要: 农田生态系的塑料污染主要来源于:(1)工业废弃物的排放,(2)城市生活垃圾,(3)农用塑料薄膜残余物。塑料对我国农田生态系的污染状况相当普遍,个别地区由于农田残膜量大幅度增加或城市生活垃圾直接进入农田给农业带来了一场空前的“白色灾害”,成为影响农业生产的主要污染问题之一。土壤耕层中的塑料可严重影响作物根系的生长发育及土壤中水肥的运移,而使作物减产。此外,塑料中各种添加剂尤其是酞酸酯类增塑剂对作物的生长有明显影响,这种影响随作物生长时期和品种不同而异。为了防治塑料对农田生态系的污染,应该大力研制各类可降解性塑料制品,并推广应用到实际生产中去,注重废弃塑料的回收,使其再生资源化。

       

      Abstract: The three major sources of plastic pollution in farm ecosystem are industrial wastes, municipal garbage, andresidues of plastic film used in agricultural practices. Plastic pollution in farm ecosystem exists widely in China. In some areas, the plastic pollution in farm ecosystems caused by increment of plastic film residues or direct application of municipal garbage has resulted in a “white hazard”, and become a serious problem affecting normal agricultural practices. The plastics in top soil may seriously affect root growth of crops. or movement and transformation of water and nutrients in soil, causing decrease of crop yield. In addition, the various additives especially PAEs plasticizers in plastics, will have significantly influence on crop growth in different ways with different growth periods and different crop varieties. In order to prevent farm ecosystems from plastic pollution, the various decomposable plastics should be developed and used in agricultural practices. Much attention shoud be paid to recycling and renewing of plastics.

       

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