Abstract: Hierarchical holographic modeling (HHM) method was applied to analyze and identify environmental risks of agricultural land uses from the perspective of land use system. Through creating HHM framework for environmental risk identification of agricultural land use, 9 major groups of risk sources were described from a multiple dimensional angle, and screened, filtered and graded using a dual-standard risk matrix. On such a basis and the multi-criterion standard and quantitative risk matrix, the various environment risk factors were further evaluation evaluated quantitatively. In the end, Taojiang County of Hunan Province was selected as a case for study, and environmental risks of the agricultural land use of the county were systematically identified using the HHM method. Results show that heavy metal pollution, water body eutrophication, sewage irrigation and factory pollution discharge are the primary environmental risks of the agricultural land use in the study area, to which more attention should be paid in environmental risk warning and prevention.