Abstract: To understand the pollution characteristics and evaluate the status of rural domestic wastewater pollution correctly in Liaoning Province. 5 typical cities in different regions with different income levels were investigated. The characteristic indices of rural domestic wastewater, including the daily discharge per capita, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), NH₃-N, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and animal and vegetable oil, were monitored. Through in-situ monitoring and houosehold survey, the factors that influencing rural domestic wastewater discharge characteristics were analyzed by the software SPSS. The results indicate that "region" played a dominant role in the daily discharge per capita of and NH₃-N in rural domestic wastewater, and that the concentrations of COD, BOD₅, NH₃-N, TN, TP were influenced by region and income level. The average per capita pollution generation coefficients of rural domestic wastewater were 26.49 L·p^-1·d^-1 for wastewater, 23.85 g·p^-1·d^-1 for COD, 11.78 g·p^-1·d^-1 for BOD₅, 0.12 g·p^-1·d^-1 for NH₃-N, 0.64 g·p^-1·d^-1 for TN, 0.11 g·p^-1·d^-1 for TP, and 0.43 g·p^-1·d^-1 for animal and vegetable oil, respectively.