贝叶斯权重估计方法在两栖动物多样性观测中的应用: 以四川省画稿溪自然保护区为例

    Application of Bayesian-weighted Approach on the Amphibian Diversity Monitoring: A Case Study in Huagaoxi Natural Reserve, Sichuan, China

    • 摘要: 在两栖动物多样性调查或观测工作中, 通常会遇到取样受限的问题。尤其在一个多样性很高的群落中, 若观测的物种数目严重低于真实的物种数目, 则观测结果较难反映一个特定区域的物种多样性变化。笔者基于2014-2018年在四川省叙永县画稿溪自然保护区5 a的两栖动物观测数据, 采用贝叶斯权重估计方法估计了两栖动物总数, 分析了保护区两栖动物物种数、个体数量和多样性指数的年度和月度变化。结果显示: 画稿溪自然保护区观测到的两栖动物的物种总数为16种, 与贝叶斯权重估计方法的预测结果相同; 物种数在年度之间无差异, 在月度之间存在显著差异; 个体数量有3种(中华蟾蜍、华南湍蛙、棘腹蛙)存在明显的年度变化, 有4种(棘指角蟾、大绿臭蛙、绿臭蛙、粗皮姬蛙)存在明显的月度变化; 香农-威纳指数的年度和月度之间无显著性差异, 但辛普森指数在年度和月度之间存在显著性差异。根据观测结果提出了针对性的观测建议: 在观测工作中需制订最低物种数量指标, 在评估工作中需提高计数数据的质量, 在保护工作中需关注路杀的影响。

       

      Abstract: Survey or monitoring on amphibian diversity is usually encountering the limited-sampling problem when conducting in field experiments, especially in a community with high diversity. If there are still significant differences between the monitored number and the actual total number of species, the calculated diversity indices will change from time to time with the accumulation of data, and make the indices become meaningless to reflect the changes of biodiversity in some specific areas. As a consequence, it is important to use limited data derived from restricted sampling attempts to predict and explain biodiversity as accurately as possible. An intensive amphibians monitoring was carried out from 2014 to 2018 in Huagaoxi Nature Reserve, Xuyong County, Sichuan Province. The diversity of amphibians was estimated by using Bayesian-Weighted Approach, and species richness, individuals, and diversity indices were analyzed accordingly. The results show that the total number of amphibians monitored in Huagaoxi Nature Reserve was 16, which is the same as that predicted by Bayesian-Weight Approach. There were significant monthly differences in species richness, but with no significant annual difference. The individuals of three species (Bufo gargarizans, Amolops ricketti and Quasipaa spinosa) showed significant annual differences, four species (Megophrys spinata, Odorrana graminea, Odorrana margaretae and Microhyla butleri) showed significant monthly differences. In addition, there were significant differences in Simpson Index, but no significant monthly and annual difference in Shannon-Wiener Index. It could be concluded that the minimum number for species diversity sampling should be estimated, and the count data quality should be improved. There also remains a need to solve the impacts of roadkills on amphibians.

       

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