Abstract: The effect of transgenic soybean on arthropod biodiversity in the field is an important part of biosafety assessment. Arthropods in the fields of three transgenic soybean varieties and their non-GM counterparts were investigated with direct observation, and the functional groups in the arthropod communities, richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, and dominant concentration index were analyzed, and the differences were then compared. The results show that although the trends of those indexes of different transgenic varieties and their counterparts were slightly different, but there were no significant differences in the above indexes between transgenic soybean and the control. The dynamics of various indexes of arthropods in GM soybean fields and its non-GM control showed similar tendencies over time. It was suggested that GM soybean had no significant effects on arthropods in the fields, which provides data to support the biosafety assessment of transgenic soybeans.