Abstract: Communities in the surrounding areas of nature reserves in West China are poor in economy,so the pressure of exploiting the natural resources has been the primary obstacle to the improvement of the management level of the reserves.A new theory has been practiced in some of the reserves in West China.That is,natural conservation should be based on relieving the poverty of surrounding communities.Through the way of community-based management that participants share profits from the reserves assisted by alien funds,the managers of reserves and farmers who were originally contradictor form a collective to support conserving targets and the role of managing office was turned from controller to organizer.The theory has been practiced in some case points,to realize preliminarily harmonized development of reserves,and a set of standardized measures as criterion have been summarized.