Abstract: Background of the emergence of ecological residence and eco-residential area is elaborated,with its concept being defined as"Ecological residence and residential environment is designed and constructed in line with the principle of ecology with fairly sound ecological metabolism process,ecological service functions,harmony and reciprocity between nature and human beings,and sustainable development".Eco-residence and eco-residential environment is systemized in four views,that are,the systems view of harmony between nature and human beings;the nature view of obeying the nature law;the economic view of saving natural resources;the humane view of regarding human as the center.Five principal themes of ecological residence and eco-residential area are shown in a tree diagram.They are health(physical and mental health and environmental health),nature and environment protection,benign eco-circulation, Fengshui(the geographical and ecological relationship between location of a residential area and natural environment),and ecological civilization.So construction of eco-residence and eco-residential area is a kind of ecological engineering composed of many components and techniques that are inter-linked,interacted,interdependent,interpromoting,interrestricting,and interdetermined.