Abstract: The formation of the serious pollution of aquatic environment in Huaihe River Valley is attributed both to the long neglected environment protection and accumulation of too many environmental problems in the past decades of socio economic development, and to the poor conditions of the water resources and small environmental capacity of the valley. Moreover, its diversified pollutant sources encompass not only industrial point sources, but also agricultural and rural non point sources,and domestic sewage as a result of the explosion of the population and the rapid development of towns. Consequently,to solve the pollution problem in Huaihe River Valley,it is far from enough only to control industrial pollution sources and set up sewage treatment plants. In order to solve substantially the pollution problem of the aquatic environment, it is essential that on the basis of the 1995 program on controlling industrial pollution sources and domestic sewage,an overall aquatic environment program should be worked out from the viewpoint of the ecological economics as well as out of the comprehensive consideration of population, resources, environment, society, and economy. In such a program, sustainable development is a subject of priority with the pollution problem being solved during its realization. The program will lay emphasis on popularization of cleaner production in the industry and agriculture, saving and rational utilization of water resources, control of the increase in population,improvement of population quality, and recycling and treatment of domestic sewage during the rapid urbanization in the rural areas.