Research on the Construction of Ecological Protection and Restoration Patterns of County Territorial Space Based on the "Trouble-risk" Cognitive System and the Corresponding Countermeasures

Identifying critical areas for ecological protection and restoration and forming different remediation and restoration strategies are required for ecological protection and restoration in territorial space. However, the relationship between natural ecosystems and socioeconomic systems was seldom considered in identifying the critical areas. And the ecological risks were seldom investigated. In this study, based on ecosystem services′ protection and restoration needs, a research framework for ecological protection and restoration of territorial space was established with a "trouble-risk" cognitive system. Primary ecosystem services in a typical rapid urbanization area were first evaluated by using the InVEST model, including habitat maintenance, water resource conservation, soil and water conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release. The critical areas that requiring protection and the degradation areas that needing remediation were then identified. The degradation risk areas of the ecosystem services were determined by using the landscape ecological risk assessment method. Finally, a comprehensive pattern has been established and a strategy for territorial space ecological protection and restoration in the area is proposed. The conclusions of the study are: (1) The spatial distributions of ecosystem services in the study area were significantly different, and some regions showed significant degradation. (2) The degradation risk of ecosystem service during the study period (2019) was generally low, with which, 7.38% accounted as relatively high-risk and high-risk areas, 38.14% as low-risk areas, and 53.45% as relatively lower-risk areas. (3) Based on the pattern of ecological protection and restoration in the territorial space, differentiated strategies are proposed, including improving the existing reserve planning system, paying attention to the ecological restoration of the cultivated land landscape on the south side of Qishan Forest Park, and strengthening the risk control of river landscapes.