Coupling Characteristics of Bird Species Diversity and Habitats in Beihai Wetland, Tengchong, Yunnan Province

Beihai Wetland is an important habitat stopping place on the Central Asia-India and East Asia-Australia routes of global migratory birds, and is one of the first announced 33 national key wetlands of China. Bird species inventory of Beihai Wetland is sorted out by using the method of sample line and sample point, combined with the field investigation records of bird watching websites and Beihai Wetland Management Institute. The results show that, in total, 188 bird species were recorded in Beihai Wetland. These birds belong to 17 orders, 54 families and 125 genera. Most species (110 species) belong to Passeriformes (accounting for 58.51% of the total). There are 47 waterbirds, accounting for 25% of the total bird species. 31 bird species are in the List of State Key Protected Wild Animal Species. The value of G-F index of bird biodiversity in Beihai Wetland is 0.825, indicating that the species richness is at a high level. The results of AFR show that species similarity in the adjacent habitats is high and the distribution of bird species presents a certain natural transition phenomenon. The bird species richness in Beihai Wetland is high and the resources of rare and endangered bird species are rich, owing to the superior geographical location, diverse habitat types, high spatial heterogeneity and rich bird food sources, which is in line with the patch-corridor-matrix model in landscape ecology. Rich bird biodiversity also promotes the functional health and stability of Beihai Wetland ecosystem. Bird biodiversity and habitats in Beihai Wetland are playing a coupling relationship of mutual maintenance. The present study verified the significance of small wetland to bird biodiversity protection. It can provide important reference for the planning, management and development of wetlands.