Abstract: A device with the filtration and degradation zone, based on the principle of constructed wetland and ecological filter bed, was designed to construct artificial ecosystem at hard revetment area to restore the polluted aquatic environment. The short-term and long-term effects of the setting of filtration and degradation zones with plants and no plants on the concentration of water pollutants (TN, TP, and TOC) were studied, and the Biolog method was used to analyze the functional diversity of water microorganism. The results showed that, short-term setting of the filtration and degradation zones had no effects on the concentrations of water pollutants, while the long-term setting of filtration and degradation zone significantly reduced the concentration of pollutants. Compared with control, the ρ(TN), ρ(TP) and ρ(TOC) in the water with the filtration and degradation zones with no plant decreased by 17.2%, 16.6% and 29.8%, respectively, while the setting of filtration and degradation zones with plants decreased the concentrations of water pollutants by 28.7% (TN), 18.4% (TP) and 42.7% (TOC), respectively, during the nine months of the experiment. Long-term setting of the filtration and degradation zones increased the carbon source utilization and function diversity of water microorganism, optimized the types of water microbial carbon source utilization. As compared with the filtration and degradation zone without plant, the filtration and degradation zone with plants showed more obvious effects on the improvement of microbial functional diversity in water. The results indicated that the setting of the filtration and degradation zones can partially solve the aquatic ecosystem degradation caused by the hardening of the river and lake shore, and could be important guiding significance for improving ecological function of hard revetment area.