Abstract: To explore the effects of the alien invasive plant Amaranthus palmeri on the characteristics of soil seed bank community, this study selected abandoned soil seed bank under different invasion pressures of Amaranthus palmeri as the research subject, and revealed the response of abandoned soil seed bank community to Amaranthus palmeri invasion through field investigation and germination experiment, so as to provide the basis for the scientific control of invasive plants. The results show that: (1) A total of 30 species of plants belonging to 17 families and 30 genera, mainly annual herbs, were found in the soil seed bank. The species diversity index and seed density of soil seed bank were significantly lower in the area being severely invaded than in the area being lightly invaded. The species diversity index of the soil seed bank had no obvious response to soil depth, and the invasion pressure has no interaction with soil depth. (2) The analyses of soil seed banks by using the non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) further show that there were significant differences in community structure between the two groups under different invasion pressures. (3) The invasion at moderate and high degrees both exerted negative effects on soybean (Glycine max), Setaria viridis and Suaeda glauca.