Abstract: The toxicity and environmental mobility of V(Ⅴ) in soil are significantly higher than those of low-valent forms. V(Ⅴ) exhibits high leaching potential into groundwater under rainfall conditions, leading to contamination of both surface and ground water. Specific microorganisms can catalyze the reduction of V(Ⅴ) to V(Ⅳ), weakening its mobility and bioavailability in the environment. In this study, bamboo charcoal, with a precisely controlled particle size of 0.80 mm, was employed as a carrier for the load of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. The biochar column experiments were subsequently conducted to investigate the retention and microbial reduction of V(Ⅴ). The impacts of elution rate, initial V(Ⅴ) concentration, solution pH, and humic acid concentration on vanadium migration were systematically examined. The results demonstrate that the retention of V(Ⅴ) within the biochar column was significantly enhanced by the presence of the loaded bacteria. When the injection volume was eight times of pore volume (PV, 60 mL) and the initial V(Ⅴ) concentrations were 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg·L^-1, the V(Ⅴ) concentrations in the effluent from the biochar column were 6.11, 9.09, 18.31, 39.23 and 79.61 mg·L^-1, respectively. In contrast, the V(Ⅴ) concentrations in the effluent from the bacteria-loaded biochar column were 0, 1.07, 4.63, 3.48 and 12.13 mg·L^-1, respectively. These results indicate that S. oneidensis MR-1 significantly reduced the mobility of V(Ⅴ) within the column. During the microbial V(Ⅴ) reduction process, increasing the bacterial inoculation amount expedited the reduction of V(Ⅴ). Under conditions with a solution pH ranging from 5.5 to 8.5, the reduction rate of V(Ⅴ) by the strains exceeded 95% after a 7-day incubation period, with the highest reduction rate of 98.30% achieved at pH 7.5. Conversely, an increase in humic acid concentration slightly diminished the reduction of V(Ⅴ). In the column leaching test, a lower elution rate facilitated the adsorption of V(Ⅴ) by biochar and promoted the microbial reduction reaction of V(Ⅴ). Higher bacteria density contributed to enhancing the microbial reduction of V(Ⅴ). When the inject volume reached 8 PV, the concentration of V(Ⅴ) in the effluent was 1.98 mg·L^-1 at a pH of 5.5. In contrast, the concentration of V(Ⅴ) in the effluent increased to 13.69 mg·L^-1 at a pH of 8.5. A lower pH reduced the mobility of V(Ⅴ) in the biochar column. Humic acid promoted microbial V(Ⅴ) reduction at low concentrations, whereas it formed complexes with V(Ⅴ) at high concentrations, thereby decreasing V(Ⅴ) reduction. These findings reveal that bamboo charcoal-immobilized microorganisms enhanced the retention and reduction of V(Ⅴ), and this approach holds potential for the remediation of vanadium-contaminated soil and groundwater.