Abstract: During global climate negotiations, the allocation of carbon emission responsibility stands as a contentious issue that directly impacts the vital interests of all nations. Conducting bibliometric analysis on research findings in this domain enables an objective and comprehensive understanding of the development trajectory, research hotspots, and cutting-edge topics of carbon emission responsibility allocation. This study employs CiteSpace software to perform a quantitative analysis on 1 571 pieces of literature sourced from the WOS and CNKI databases, unveiling the evolution, prevalent issues, and latest developments in carbon emission responsibility allocation research both domestically and internationally. The findings reveal that: (1) The research on the allocation of carbon emission responsibility in English started earlier, with higher research attention and more perfect research system. The allocation of carbon emission responsibility in Chinese needs to be strengthened in terms of breadth and depth. (2) The research on carbon emission responsibility allocation has established a comprehensive framework, with climate change serving as the research backdrop, international trade as the primary field of study, carbon accounting as the research methodology and responsibility principles as the theoretical foundation. (3) The research field of carbon emission responsibility allocation is gradually developing towards the micro field and solving practical problems. Lastly, based on the conclusions drawn, this paper explores the potential directions for future research on carbon emission responsibility allocation, aiming to propel further exploration in this field.