江西省村庄聚落绿化木本植物相似性及其成因研究

A Study on Similarity and Underlying Causes of Woody Plant Composition in Village Settlement Greening across Jiangxi Province

  • 摘要: 树种使用趋同化是我国城乡绿化中普遍存在的现象,留得住乡愁是打造、恢复和重建地域特色突出的植被景观风貌的关键,而树种选择是建设乡愁植被景观的重要瓶颈。本文以江西省抽样的91个村庄为对象,按照地理位置、产业类型和建设类型将村庄划分为3组12个类型,分析了各组内不同类型村庄间、同一类型村庄间木本植物Jaccard相似性指数(Jsim)变化特点,并从树种选择和经济条件角度进一步探讨造成Jsim较高的原因。结果表明:(1)村庄绿化木本植物的总体相似性较高,多数村庄间Jsim>0.4;(2)地理位置、产业类型和建设类型对木本植物Jsim有显著影响,城市周边、工业型和新建村庄Jsim显著高于其他类型村庄;(3)乡土树种严重趋同化对村庄绿化木本植物Jsim的贡献较大,城市绿化中普遍使用的桂花、樟树、红叶石楠和红花檵木等被普遍用于村庄绿化是村庄绿化同质化的主要原因;(4)外来种在近期村庄绿化中使用比例较高,尤其是城市周边和工业型村庄绿化使用的国外种相似度较高。因此,江西省村庄绿化已经呈现出明显的木本植物趋同化现象,造成该现象的主要原因是树种使用不当,经济条件较好的村庄在建设具有浓郁地方特色绿化景观中没有起到促进作用,反而进一步推动了村庄绿化树种的趋同化进程。

     

    Abstract: The phenomenon of tree species homogenization has become increasingly prevalent in both urban and rural greening projects across China. Preserving local identity and cultural memory, often referred to as "homesickness", has emerged as a critical factor in designing, restoring, and reconstructing regionally distinctive vegetative landscapes. Yet, the selection of appropriate tree species remains a major obstacle in the realization of such landscape identities. This study investigated 91 villages in Jiangxi Province through stratified sampling and classifies them into 12 types under three broader categories based on geographic location, industrial development, and construction style. By applying the Jaccard similarity index (Jsim), we analyzed intra-group and inter-type similarities of woody plant species among the selected village types. Further analysis explored potential causes of high Jsim values, with a focus on species selection practices and economic factors. The main findings are as outlined follows: (1) The overall similarity of woody species across village settlement greening projects is relatively high, with Jsim > 0.4 for the majority of village pairs. (2) Geographic location, industry orientation, and construction type significantly affect the Jsim values, with villages located near urban areas or characterized by industrial or newly developed attributes showing notably higher similarity indices. (3) The widespread adoption of a narrow range of native species, particularly Osmanthus fragrans, Camphora officinarum, Photinia × fraseri and Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum, has greatly contributed to homogenization, echoing trends seen in urban greening efforts. (4) The proportion of exotic woody plant species were recently higher utilized in village greening, especially the Jsim of exotic woody plant species were quite high in peri-urban villages and newly constructed villages. In conclusion, the greening of villages in Jiangxi Province is undergoing a marked trend toward homogenization in woody plant selection. This convergence is primarily driven by inappropriate species choices, with economically advantaged villages, contrary to expectations, not leading in cultivating diverse, locally distinctive landscapes, but rather accelerating the homogenization process.

     

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