Abstract: Covering 71% of the Earth's surface, the ocean is one of the most biodiverse ecosystems on the planet, harboring nearly 2.2 million marine species. However, with continuous global population growth and intensifying economic activities, marine ecosystems are facing unprecedented pressures and challenges. Under the framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the identification of Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Areas (EBSAs) aims to scientifically pinpoint marine regions critical to ecosystem structure and function. This process provides essential decision-making support for global biodiversity conservation and the sustainable use of ocean resources. This study systematically reviews the management practices of Canada, Australia, South Africa, and the European Union regarding EBSAs. By analyzing their approaches to scientific assessment, policy integration, and stakeholder participation, the paper offers valuable insights for optimizing EBSAs governance. While these regions have developed multi-level frameworks combining scientific evaluation with legal instruments, legal and policy instruments, and public engagement, offering valuable lessons for future EBSAs governance. Nevertheless, at the global level, the EBSAs process continues to face common challenges, including data deficiencies and technical support, limited legal efficacy, fragmented regional coordination, and prominent conflicts between economic activities and ecological protection. Drawing upon international experience and China's marine governance context, this paper proposes that China should consolidate marine scientific research and data monitoring, improve legal and policy frameworks, coordinate economic development and biodiversity conservation, promote stakeholder participation, ensure securing sustainable funding, and deepening regional and international cooperation. These actions aim to systematically advance the EBSAs identification and management process, providing important references for enhancing marine biodiversity conservation, and solidifying China's active role.