Abstract: As the cornerstone of China's energy security, the coal industry faces significant challenges in achieving high-quality development under the "Dual Carbon Goals" and the transition to a green, low-carbon economy. This paper identifies three core contradictions "coal-water" "coal-land" "coal-carbon" in the industry's green transition and proposes corresponding strategic recommendations. (1) To address the "coal-water" contradiction where coal mining exacerbates water resource depletion and inadequate implementation of water conservation measures, this study proposes strengthening groundwater protection during mining operations. Key strategies include hydrogeological surveys, promotion of water conservation technologies and comprehensive chain-of-custody supervision to achieve coal-water synergy. (2) Regarding the "coal-land" contradiction characterized by massive coal gangue stockpiles, high environmental risks, low utilization rates, insufficient policy support, and land occupation and damage issues-innovative solutions are proposed for comprehensive coal gangue utilization and land protection, which involves establishing diversified disposal systems, developing high-value utilization pathways, improving policy frameworks and advocating land conservation technologies. (3) To tackle the "coal-carbon" dilemma where the energy mix remains coal-dominated and heavy-industry-focused structure which results in 79% of carbon emissions from coal, proactive measures are recommended for carbon neutrality transition. These include optimizing energy structures, building high-end industrial chains, enhancing mine carbon sequestration capacity and promoting green, sustainable development of the coal industry.