Abstract: Stereoagriculture is a simulated agro-ecosysetem of tropical plant community. Prom the viewpoint of ecology, this paper analyses the current agroecological structure of Hainan Island, indicating that the agro-ecosystem of mono-planting structure cannot fully use the favourable resources of light, temperature, water and soil in tropical regions, and moreover, may induce a serious destruction of ecological environment. This paper also proposes the theoretical basis of new agro-ecosystem, stereoagriculture, and its developmental direction, and proliminarily sums up the ecolomic efficiency of stereoagriculture.