Abstract: To explore characteristic of aerosol mass concentration and its relationship with rainfall,atmospheric aerosols and rainfall were monitored and sampled for analysis with the aid of TH-150A instruments and the micro-meteorological observation station in a typical red soil region(Red Soil Ecological Experiment Station,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yingtan City,Jiangxi Province,China) in 2005-2006.Results show that monthly aerosol mass concentrations ranged from 17.07 to 266.11 μg·m^-3,monthly averaging 104.57 and 101.73 μg·m^-3 in 2005 and 2006,respectively.It peaked in February 2005(201.71 μg·m^-3) and October 2006(266.11 μg·m^-3) and bottomed in May 2005 and 2006 being 29.76 and 17.07 μg·m^-3,respectively.The aerosol mass concentrations of the two years differed rather greatly,which is closely related to the characteristic of aerosol mass per se,meteorological elements and surrounding environment.Duncan difference analysis of the findings show that the atmospheric aerosol mass concentration in the study region was negatively correlated with rainfall and rain frequency at a significant level(n = 24,P = 0.007;n = 22,P = 0.000 2).