Abstract: Based on a large amount of investigatlon data of rock types and death cases of erophagus cancer, the relation-sliip between mortality of emphagus cancer and rock types in the living areas of people have been studied.The resultsshowed that the mortality of esophagus cancer closely related to rock types. The mortality is positively related to metamor-phic rock, carbonate rock, Quaternary friable rock and red clastic rock,and negatively related to magmatic rock, but has no correlation with clastic rock.