应用不同毒理学终点评估酚类物质的生态危害和风险

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.02.024

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 326-331.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.02.024

应用不同毒理学终点评估酚类物质的生态危害和风险

张怡婷^1,2, 王蕾², 刘济宁², 石利利¹

1. 南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院, 江苏南京 210044;
2. 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所, 江苏南京 210042

收稿日期:2015-03-26 出版日期:2016-03-25 发布日期:2016-04-01
通讯作者: 刘济宁,E-mail:ljn@nies.org E-mail:ljn@nies.org
作者简介:张怡婷(1991-),女,宁夏固原人,硕士生,主要从事化学品生态危害研究。E-mail:fei1991124@163.com
基金资助:
国家高技术研究发展计划(2013AA06A308)

Using Different Toxicological End Points to Evaluate Phenolic Compounds for Ecological Hazard and Risk

ZHANG Yi-ting^1,2, WANG Lei², LIU Ji-ning², SHI Li-li¹

1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
2. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environment Protection, Nanjing 210042, China

Received:2015-03-26 Online:2016-03-25 Published:2016-04-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以我国典型湖泊、河流中检出率较高的五氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚、4-硝基酚、2,4-二硝基酚以及列入美国优先监测污染物的2-甲基-4,6-二硝基酚为研究对象,分别应用急性毒性终点、慢性致死效应终点和/或慢性非致死效应终点开展基于物种敏感度分布法和评估因子法的生态危害评估;在此基础上结合我国典型湖泊、河流中酚类物质实测浓度计算五氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚和4-硝基酚的长期风险商。结果表明,应用繁殖发育等慢性非致死效应终点得到的五氯酚、2,4-二硝基酚的5%物种危害浓度(HC₅)明显低于其应用慢性致死效应终点得到的HC₅。太湖、三江(松花江、长江、珠江)四河(辽河、海河、黄河、淮河)以及钱塘江水系中五氯酚、2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚和4-硝基酚的水生态风险是可接受的。但五氯酚对我国三江四河的长期危害风险亟需引起关注,特别是对水生生物繁殖、发育和生长等的非致死性危害。

关键词: 酚类化学品, 水生生物, 物种敏感度分布, 评估因子, 风险商

Abstract:

As phenolic compounds such as pentachlorophenol(PCP), 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol(2,4,6-TCP), 4-nitrophenol(4-NiP), 2,4-dinitrophenol(2,4-DNP) and 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol are frequently detected in the surface water of China and 2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol is also listed as a priority pollutant for monitoring in the USA, evaluation was performed of those compounds for ecological hazards, using the species sensitive distribution (SSD) approach and the assessment factor (AF) approach, based on the acute toxicity endpoints, the chronic lethal endpoints and the chronic non-lethal endpoints. On the basis of concentrations of these compounds measured in the lakes and rivers typical of China, chronic ecological risk quotients (RQ) of PCP, 2,4-DCP, 2,4,6-TCP and 4-NiP were worked out. Results show that the HC₅(hazardous concentration for 5% of the species) of PCP and 2,4-DCP derived by the chronic non-lethal endpoints was obviously lower than that derived by the chronic lethal endpoint. Furthermore, the ecological risks of PCP, 2,4-DCP, 2,4,6-TCP and 4-NiP in the Taihu lake, Songhua River, Yangtze River, Pearl River, Liaohe River, Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, and the Qiantang River system, were all at acceptable level. However the long-term hazardous risk of PCP in these waterbodies should arouse close attention, especially to its chronic non-lethal hazard to reproduction, development and growth of the aquatic organisms as its RQ is very close to 1.

Key words: phenolic compound, aquatic organism, species sensitivity distribution, assessment factor, risk quotient

中图分类号:

X826

张怡婷, 王蕾, 刘济宁, 石利利. 应用不同毒理学终点评估酚类物质的生态危害和风险[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(2): 326-331.

ZHANG Yi-ting, WANG Lei, LIU Ji-ning, SHI Li-li. Using Different Toxicological End Points to Evaluate Phenolic Compounds for Ecological Hazard and Risk[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2016, 32(2): 326-331.

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应用不同毒理学终点评估酚类物质的生态危害和风险

Using Different Toxicological End Points to Evaluate Phenolic Compounds for Ecological Hazard and Risk

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