大柳塔煤矿区植被恢复适度人工干预与调控研究

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.08.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

干旱半干旱煤矿区生态环境脆弱，植被恢复周期长、难度高，故适度人工干预对植被恢复意义重大。研究通过解译大柳塔煤矿区1988-2016年7期植被生长状况良好的遥感影像数据，基于人工沙柳种植数量与成排种植程度，划分人工干预Ⅰ~Ⅵ等级并确定各样点位置。通过比较不同人工干预等级下植被覆盖变化趋势及恢复状况，构建煤矿区植被恢复适度人工干预等级与植被恢复的关系模型，并计算误差系数（EC）检验模型合理性。结果表明，该模型平均EC为-0.12%，平均EC绝对值低于5.80%，能较客观反映各人工干预等级植被覆盖度加权平均值（T）随时间的推移变化；Ⅳ级（33.54%）与Ⅲ级（33.45%）能够较快接近T值阈值（35%），即人工栽植沙柳面积约15%~25%且基本成排栽植时，植被恢复能较快达到最佳状态；1988-2016年间，中等干预（Ⅲ、Ⅳ级）的T值散点分布最密集，植被恢复稳定性更高；人工干预植被恢复多靠近人类活动区，且植被恢复效果较好，远离村庄区基本无人工干预。基于该研究结果，建议参考Ⅲ级干预模式开展植被恢复，为低耗高效地完成煤矿区植被恢复提供理论依据。

关键词: 植被恢复, 人工干预, 适度, 大柳塔煤矿区

Abstract:

In arid and semi-arid coal mine areas, the environment is usually fragile and vegetation recovery is difficult with a long recovery cycle. It is important to study the role of moderate human intervention and regulation in the process of vegetation recovery in such areas. In the case study of the Daliuta coal mine area, seven remote sensing images acquired during 1988-2016 were interpreted for the vegetation growth. The locations of samples at different human intervention levels (Ⅰ-Ⅵ) were determined based on the situation of planted Salix psammophila, and the trend of vegetation coverage was compared with contrasting intervention to model vegetation restoration for coal mine areas with human intervention and regulation. The error coefficient was also calculated to assess the validity of the model. Results show that:(1) The average EC was -0.12% while the absolute average EC was below 5.80%, which proves that the model is acceptable and valid. (2) The intervention levels of Ⅳ (33.54%) and Ⅲ (33.45%) approached the T value thresholds (35%) faster. When the area for rows of Salix psammophila accounted for 15% to 25%, the vegetation restoration reached optimal conditions quickly. (3) The scattered distribution of the T value was more intensive and the stability of vegetation restoration was higher under the medium intervention (Ⅲ and Ⅳ) in the period of 1988-2016. (4) Human intervention mostly occurred near the areas with human activities, and almost did not exist in remote locations. Based on the results, it is proposed to implement the Ⅲ level intervention for vegetation restoration. The study provides a theoretical basis for low-cost and high-efficiency vegetation restoration in coal mine areas.

Key words: vegetation restoration, human intervention, moderate, Daliuta coal mine area

中图分类号:

X171.4

于昊辰, 牟守国, 王小予, 雷科玉. 大柳塔煤矿区植被恢复适度人工干预与调控研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(8): 692-699.

YU Hao-chen, MU Shou-guo, WANG Xiao-yu, LEI Ke-yu. Vegetation Restoration With Moderate Human Intervention and Regulation in the Daliuta Coal Mine Area[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(8): 692-699.

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