秦巴山区农户生计与乡村发展耦合协调分析：以陕西省洛南县为例

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0689

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 准确把握农户生计状况与乡村发展水平的耦合协调关系，对于解决"三农"问题、促进区域可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。基于英国国际发展部提出的可持续生计框架选取测度指标计算了陕西省洛南县626户农户的生计资本值，并对农户所在的村庄发展水平进行测度，通过耦合协调度模型对两者间的关系进行了分析研究。结果表明：洛南县农户的生计资本均值为0.171 4，整体水平偏低，各单项资本中社会资本和物质资本水平相对较高，自然资本水平居中，人力资本和金融资本水平处于较低水平；洛南县乡村发展水平的平均值为0.354 2，发展水平较低，特别是乡村性较弱的乡村在产业发展、人居环境以及资源禀赋方面仍有较大的提升空间；绝大多数样本村农户的生计状况明显滞后于乡村发展水平，农户生计水平亟需提升。基于此，针对农户生计与乡村发展的协调发展类型提出相关建议：对于农户生计状况滞后于乡村发展的村落，建议通过推动乡村现代化农业的发展、人居环境的改善、基础设施和公共服务设施的完善，提高农户的生计资本值；对于农户生计水平与乡村发展同步但两者仍处于磨合阶段的村庄，可通过改变原有的产业发展模式、改善产业发展条件的方式吸纳更多的劳动力回流，以促进两者的协调发展。

关键词: 生计资本, 乡村发展, 耦合协调

Abstract: Accurately grasping the coupling coordination relationship between farmers' livelihoods and rural development is of great significance for solving issues affecting farmers, agriculture, and rural areas, and promoting sustainable regional development. The livelihood capital status of 626 rural households in Luonan County, Shaanxi Province was calculated based on the sustainable livelihood framework proposed by the United Kingdom Department for International Development, and the development level of the villages in which the farmers are located was measured. Then, the relationship between farmers' livelihoods and rural development was studied using a coupling coordination model. The results are as follows: (1) The average livelihood capital level of the rural households in Luonan County was 0.171 4, which is relatively low. Within the overall level, the levels of social and physical capital were the highest, followed by natural capital, with levels of human and financial capital being the lowest. (2) Luonan County's average rural development level was 0.354 2, which again is relatively low. Especially in the less developed rural villages, there is significant room for improving the industrial development, human settlements, and resource endowments. (3) The level of farmers' livelihoods is lower than the level of rural development in most sample villages, and the livelihood levels of farmers need to be improved. On the basis of the findings, suggestions are made for the coordinated development of farmers' livelihoods and rural development. When farmers' livelihoods lag behind rural development, it is important to promote the development of modern agriculture and to improve living conditions, infrastructure, and public service facilities in rural areas to increase the value of the livelihood capital of the farmers. In villages where farmers' livelihoods are synchronized with rural development, but both remain in early developmental stages, more labor can be absorbed by changing the original model of industrial development and improving industrial development conditions to promote the coordinated development of both livelihoods and rural development.

Key words: livelihood capital, rural development, coupling and coordination

中图分类号:

杨悦, 员学锋, 马超群, 徐和平, 任朝霞. 秦巴山区农户生计与乡村发展耦合协调分析：以陕西省洛南县为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(4): 448-455.

YANG Yue, YUAN Xue-feng, MA Chao-qun, XU He-ping, REN Zhao-xia. Coupling Coordination Analysis of Farmers' Livelihoods and Rural Development in the Qinling-Daba Mountains: A Case Study of Luonan County in Shaanxi Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(4): 448-455.

参考文献

[1] 张悦悦, 李翠珍, 周德, 等.乡村振兴视域下农村土地利用利益相关者分析[J].自然资源学报, 2020, 35(5):1132-1146.[ZHANG Yue-yue, LI Cui-zhen, ZHOU De, et al.Analysis of Rural Land Use Stakeholders in a Perspective of Rural Revitalization[J].Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(5):1132-1146.]
[2] 中共中央国务院印发《乡村振兴战略规划(2018-2022年)》[N].人民日报, 2018-09-27(1).
[3] SEN A K.Poverty and Famines:An Essay on Entitlemaent and Deprivation[M].London, UK:Oxford University Press, 1981:257.
[4] CHAMBERS R, CONWAY G.Sustainable Rural Livelihoods:Practical Concepts for the 21st Century[R]//IDS Discussion Paper 296.Brighton, UK:Institute of Development Studies, 1992.
[5] 徐爽, 胡业翠.农户生计资本与生计稳定性耦合协调分析:以广西金桥村移民安置区为例[J].经济地理, 2018, 38(3):142-148, 164.[XU Shuang, HU Ye-cui.Coupling Coordination Analysis of Capital and Livelihood Stability of Farmers:A Case Study of the Resettlement Area of Jinqiao Village in Guangxi[J].Economic Geography, 2018, 38(3):142-148, 164.]
[6] 马国璇, 周忠发, 朱昌丽, 等.石漠化地区农户生计资本与生计策略的关系:以贵州省关岭贞丰花江石漠化综合示范区为例[J].水土保持通报, 2020, 40(2):299-307.[MA Guo-xuan, ZHOU Zhong-fa, ZHU Chang-li, et al.Relationship between Livelihood Capital and Livelihood Strategy of Farmers in Rocky Desertification Area:A Case of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang Rocky Desertification Comprehensive Demonstration Zone in Guizhou Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 40(2):299-307.]
[7] 郭健斌, 黄清哲, 孙自保.雅鲁藏布江中游农户生计与土地利用:以西藏日喀则市南木林县为例[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2019, 33(11):128-134.[GUO Jian-bin, HUANG Qing-zhe, SUN Zi-bao.Rural Households' Livelihood and Land Use in the Middle Reaches of Yalu Tsangpo River:A Case Study of Namling in Shigatsc, Tibet[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2019, 33(11):128-134.]
[8] 马聪, 刘黎明, 任国平, 等.快速城镇化地区农户生计策略与土地利用行为耦合协调度分析[J].农业工程学报, 2018, 34(14):249-256.[MA Cong, LIU Li-ming, REN Guo-ping, et al.Analysis of Coupling Coordination Degree between Livelihood Strategies and Land Use Behavior of Farmers in Rapid Urbanization Area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(14):249-256.]
[9] 周李磊, 官冬杰, 袁兴中.精准扶贫视角下生态系统服务与贫困人口生计耦合关联分析[J].生态学报, 2018, 38(18):6391-6401.[ZHOU Li-lei, GUAN Dong-jie, YUAN Xing-zhong.Coupling Correlation Analysis of Ecosystem Services and Livelihoods in the Perspective of Targeted Poverty Alleviation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(18):6391-6401.]
[10] 贺爱琳, 杨新军, 陈佳, 等.乡村旅游发展对农户生计的影响:以秦岭北麓乡村旅游地为例[J].经济地理, 2014, 34(12):174-181.[HE Ai-lin, YANG Xin-jun, CHEN Jia, et al.Impact of Rural Tourism Development on Farmer's Livelihoods:A Case Study of Rural Tourism Destinations in Northern Slop of Qinling Mountains[J].Economic Geography, 2014, 34(12):174-181.]
[11] 孔祥智, 钟真, 原梅生.乡村旅游业对农户生计的影响分析:以山西三个景区为例[J].经济问题, 2008(1):115-119.[KONG Xiang-zhi, ZHONG Zhen, YUAN Mei-sheng.The Impacts of Rural Tourism on Farmers' Livelihood:Taking Three Tourist Attractions as Hougou Ancient Village, Qiaojia Great Courtyard, and Jinci Temple of Shanxi Province for Example[J].On Economic Problems, 2008(1):115-119.]
[12] 蔡晶晶, 吴希.乡村旅游对农户生计脆弱性影响评价:基于社会-生态耦合分析视角[J].农业现代化研究, 2018, 39(4):654-664.[CAI Jing-jing, WU Xi.The Impacts of Rural Tourism on the Vulnerability of Farmers' Livelihood:From the Perspective of Coupled Social-Ecological System[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2018, 39(4):654-664.]
[13] 吴乐, 靳乐山.贫困地区生态补偿对农户生计的影响研究:基于贵州省三县的实证分析[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2018, 32(8):1-7.[WU Le, JIN Le-shan.Influence of Eco-Compensation on Peasant Households' Livelihood in Poverty-Stricken Regions in Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2018, 32(8):1-7.]
[14] 杨皓, 王伟, 朱永明, 等.退耕还林对农户可持续生计的影响:河北省以保定市涞水县为例[J].水土保持通报, 2015, 35(4):263-267, 270.[YANG Hao, WANG Wei, ZHU Yong-ming, et al.Influences of Converting Farmland to Forestland Program on Livelihood Sustainability of Rural Households:A Case Study of Laishui County of Baoding City, Hebei Province[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 35(4):263-267, 270.]
[15] 翟黎明, 夏显力, 吴爱娣.政府不同介入场景下农地流转对农户生计资本的影响:基于PSM-DID的计量分析[J].中国农村经济, 2017(2):2-15.
[16] 赵立娟, 王苗苗, 史俊宏.农地转出视阈下农户生计资本现状及影响因素分析:基于CFPS数据的微观实证[J].农业现代化研究, 2019, 40(4):612-620.[ZHAO Li-juan, WANG Miao-miao, SHI Jun-hong.Empirical Analysis of the Current Situation and the Influencing Factors of the Rural Households' Livelihood Capital under the Background of Farmland Transfer[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2019, 40(4):612-620.]
[17] 马国璇, 周忠发, 朱昌丽, 等.农户生计资本与生计稳定性耦合协调分析:以花江示范区峡谷村为例[J].水土保持研究, 2020, 27(3):230-237.[MA Guo-xuan, ZHOU Zhong-fa, ZHU Chang-li, et al.Analysis on Coupling Coordination of Livelihood Capital and Livelihood Stability of Farmers:A Case of the Xiagu Village in Huajiang Demonstration Area[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 27(3):230-237.]
[18] DIFD.Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets[R].London, UK:Department for International Development, 2000.
[19] 刘春芳, 刘宥延, 王川.黄土丘陵区贫困农户生计资本空间特征及影响因素:以甘肃省榆中县为例[J].经济地理, 2017, 37(12):153-162.[LIU Chun-fang, LIU You-yan, WANG Chuan.Spatial Characteristics of Livelihood Assets of Poor Farmers and Its Influential Factors in Loess Hilly Region:A Case Study of Yuzhong County, Gansu Province[J].Economic Geography, 2017, 37(12):153-162.]
[20] 刘俊, 张恒锦, 金朦朦, 等.旅游地农户生计资本评估与生计策略选择:以海螺沟景区为例[J].自然资源学报, 2019, 34(8):1735-1747.[LIU Jun, ZHANG Heng-jin, JIN Meng-meng, et al.The Evaluation of Households' Livelihood Capital and Their Livelihood Strategies in the Tourist Area:A Case Study in Hailuogou Scenic Area[J].Journal of Natural Resources, 2019, 34(8):1735-1747.]
[21] 龙花楼, 屠爽爽.论乡村重构[J].地理学报, 2017, 72(4):563-576.[LONG Hua-lou, TU Shuang-shuang.Rural Restructuring:Theory, Approach and Research Prospect[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017, 72(4):563-576.]
[22] 刘彦随, 周扬, 李玉恒.中国乡村地域系统与乡村振兴战略[J].地理学报, 2019, 74(12):2511-2528.[LIU Yan-sui, ZHOU Yang, LI Yu-heng.Rural Regional System and Rural Revitalization Strategy in China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(12):2511-2528.]
[23] 李红波, 张小林.乡村性研究综述与展望[J].人文地理, 2015, 30(1):16-20, 142.[LI Hong-bo, ZHANG Xiao-lin.A Review and Trend on Rurality[J].Human Geography, 2015, 30(1):16-20, 142.]
[24] 文琦, 郑殿元.西北贫困地区乡村类型识别与振兴途径研究[J].地理研究, 2019, 38(3):509-521.[WEN Qi, ZHENG Dian-yuan.Identification and Revitalization of Rural Poverty-Stricken Areas in Northwest China[J].Geographical Research, 2019, 38(3):509-521.]
[25] 车冰清, 朱传耿, 仇方道.淮海经济区城乡空间融合格局及形成机制[J].自然资源学报, 2020, 35(8):1897-1907.[CHE Bing-qing, ZHU Chuan-geng, QIU Fang-dao.Regional Differential Characteristics of Urban-Rural Space Integration Development in Huaihai Economic Zone and Its Formation Mechanism[J].Journal of Natural Resources, 2020, 35(8):1897-1907.]
[26] 袁俊芳, 卞正富, 闫庆武, 等.西部典型矿业城市土地利用效益耦合协调度研究[J].生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(8):709-716.[YUAN Jun-fang, BIAN Zheng-fu, YAN Qing-wu, et al.Coupling Coordination Degree of Urban Land Use Efficiency in Typical Mining Cities in Western China[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(8):709-716.]
[27] 刘智.旅游产业与农村可持续生计耦合的空间格局及驱动机制:以张家界为例[J].经济地理, 2020, 40(2):209-216.[LIU Zhi.The Spatial Characteristics and Driving Mechanism of the Coupling Relationship between Tourism Industry and Rural Sustainable Livelihoods:Take the Zhangjiajie Area as an Example[J].Economic Geography, 2020, 40(2):209-216.]
[28] 李靖, 廖和平, 樊昊.重庆市贫困农户生计资本的空间格局及影响因素分析[J].山地学报, 2018, 36(6):942-952.[LI Jing, LIAO He-ping, FAN Hao.Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Livelihood Capital of Rural Poor Households in Chongqing, China[J].Mountain Research, 2018, 36(6):942-952.]