超高温预处理对畜禽粪便持水特征和后续堆肥腐熟进程的影响

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2021.0302

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨超高温预处理对畜禽粪便持水特征及后续堆肥腐熟进程的影响机制,以常规堆肥为对照,采用干燥法测定不同时间(2、4和6 h)高温(90℃)预处理后鸡粪和猪粪的水分分布特征,并对后续堆肥过程的脱水率和腐熟周期进行监测。结果表明:经过不同时间高温预处理后,猪粪和鸡粪中结合水(毛细管水+吸附水+内部结合水)含量均显著(P<0.05)低于对照。其中,猪粪和鸡粪经过高温预处理4 h的毛细管水占结合水的比例分别为72.0%和68.0%,显著(P<0.05)高于各自对照,而吸附水占结合水的比例分别为25.9%和30.9%,显著(P<0.05)低于各自对照。与对照相比,超高温预处理4 h可使后续堆肥过程提前升温、提高堆体温度并延长高温期,种子发芽指数达到80.1%。此外,经超高温预处理,后续堆肥的脱水率显著(P<0.05)高于对照,且脱水率与种子发芽指数呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关。因此,超高温预处理促进了畜禽粪便中高结合能形态水分向低结合能形态水分的转化,有助于提升后续堆肥过程的脱水效率,有利于缩短堆肥腐熟时间,为畜禽粪便的脱水技术研究提供新的方法和思路。

关键词: 超高温预处理, 畜禽粪便堆肥, 水分特征, 脱水效率, 腐熟效果

Abstract: In order to explore the relationship between the water characteristics of livestock manure after hyperthermophlic pretreatment and the subsequent composting ripening cycle, the water characteristics of chicken manure and pig manure were determined by using the drying method, and the dehydration rate and the maturity period were also detected. The following four treatments were conducted:traditional composting (CK); hyperthermophilic pretreatment composting (HPC) with pretreatment time of 2, 4 and 6 h, respectively. Results show that after hyperthermophilic pretreatment, the content of bound water (capillary water + adsorbed water + internal bound water) in pig manure and chicken manure was significantly lower than that in the control (P<0.05). Among them, the proportion of capillary water in the pig manure and chicken manure after high temperature pretreatment for 4 h was 72.0% and 68.0%, respectively, significantly higher than that of the control, while the proportion of adsorbed water in the pig manure and chicken manure was 25.9% and 30.9% respectively, significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the control. Compared with the control, the hyperthermophilic pretreatment for 4 h can make the subsequent composting process heat up in advance, increase the temperature and prolong the high temperature period, eventually the seed germination index reached to 80.1%. In addition, the dehydration rate of pig manure and chicken manure after hyperthermophilic pretreatment was significantly higher than that of the control (P<0.05) in the subsequent composting process. And, the correlation analysis show that there was a significant (P<0.01) positive correlation between dehydration rate and seed germination index. Therefore, the hyperthermophilic pretreatment changes the water distribution of livestock and poultry manure and promotes the transformation of water in the form of high binding energy to low binding energy, which helps to promote the dehydration efficiency of subsequent composting process. To some extent, it is beneficial to shorten the decomposition time and reduce the cost of composting, and provide new methods and ideas for future research on dehydration technology of livestock and poultry manure.

Key words: hyperthermophilic pretreatment, composting of livestock and poultry manure, water distribution, dehydration efficiency, decomposition effect

中图分类号:

S141.4

黄莹, 陈月红, 林久军, 黄红英, 常志州, 徐跃定, 曹云. 超高温预处理对畜禽粪便持水特征和后续堆肥腐熟进程的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(7): 944-952.

HUANG Ying, CHEN Yue-hong, LIN Jiu-jun, HUANG Hong-ying, CHANG Zhi-zhou, XU Yue-ding, CAO Yun. Effect of Hyperthermophilic Pretreatment on Water Distribution and the Subsequent Composting Decomposition of Livestock and Poultry Manure[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(7): 944-952.

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