有蹄类动物对地震灾害体秋季微生境利用与选择特征

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0181

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (11): 1456-1463.doi: 10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0181

有蹄类动物对地震灾害体秋季微生境利用与选择特征

向姣^1,2, 周天祥^1,2, 郭桢杉^1,2, 毛泽恩^1,2, 黄金燕³, 张晋东^1,2

1. 西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室, 四川南充 637009;
2. 西华师范大学生命科学学院, 四川南充 637009;
3. 中国大熊猫保护研究中心/大熊猫国家公园珍稀动物保护生物学国家林业和草原局重点实验室, 四川都江堰 611830

收稿日期:2022-03-08 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2022-11-23
通讯作者: 张晋东,E-mail:zhangjd224@163.com E-mail:zhangjd224@163.com
作者简介:向姣(1996-),女,四川巴中人,主要从事修复生态学研究。E-mail:1339550467@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(42071279,31801991);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U21A20193);西南野生动植物资源保护教育部重点实验室开放基金(XNYB19-01);西华师范大学青年教师科研资助项目(19D045);西华师范大学科研创新团队基金(CXTD2018-9);西华师范大学博士启动基金(20E056)

Selection and Utilization of Microhabitats by Ungulates on the Earthquake Damaged Sites in Autumn

XIANG Jiao^1,2, ZHOU Tian-xiang^1,2, GUO Zhen-shan^1,2, MAO Ze-en^1,2, HUANG Jin-yan³, ZHANG Jin-dong^1,2

1. Key Laboratory of Southwest Wildlife Resources Protection, Ministry of Education, Nanchong 637009, China;
2. College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China;
3. Conservation and Research Centre for the Giant Panda/ Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the Giant Panda National Park of China, Dujiangyan 611830, China

Received:2022-03-08 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2022-11-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究地震等大型自然干扰发生后有蹄类动物对受损灾害体秋季微生境利用与选择特征,于汶川地震后第2~11年(2010-2019年)采用固定样方法对卧龙自然保护区内40个地震灾害体进行定期调查。实地测定海拔、坡度、坡向等10个相关环境因子,采用核密度分析方法对有蹄类动物微生境利用与选择特征及种间生态位重叠进行分析。结果表明:(1)对灾害体利用频率由高到低的有蹄类动物分别为中华斑羚(Naemorhedus griseus)、水鹿(Rusa unicolor)、中华鬣羚(Capricornis milneedwardsii)和毛冠鹿(Elaphodus cephalophus)。其中,毛冠鹿对地震灾害体的利用率随植被恢复呈上升趋势,而中华鬣羚呈下降趋势。(2)中华斑羚偏好海拔2 400 m左右、木本种数多、植被盖度较大、土壤占比高的生境。中华鬣羚偏好海拔2 600 m、木本种数多、植被盖度较小、裸岩与碎石占比高的生境。毛冠鹿偏好海拔2 400~2 600 m、草本种数多、植被盖度较大、土壤占比高的生境。水鹿偏好海拔2 100 m左右、草本种数多、植被盖度较大、裸岩与碎石占比高的生境。(3)中华鬣羚和中华斑羚、毛冠鹿和中华斑羚两个物种对之间在灾害体微生境利用上表现出较高的相似性,而水鹿分别与中华鬣羚、毛冠鹿、中华斑羚的微生境变量重叠度较低,存在较大的生态位分化。通过有蹄类动物对地震灾害体秋季微生境选择特征的调查,可丰富有蹄类动物应对地震灾害的行为特征信息,为震后制定野生动物的有效保护政策以及受损灾害体的恢复措施提供参考。

关键词: 地震灾害体, 有蹄类动物, 微生境选择, 自然干扰, 卧龙自然保护区

Abstract: To explore the microhabitat selection and utilization characteristics of ungulates in areas experienced earthquake damages, a regular survey of 40 field sites affected by earthquake in Wolong Nature Reserve was conducted from the second year to the 11th year (2010-2019) after the Wenchuan Earthquake. 10 related environmental factors such as altitude, slope, and aspect on the spot were measured. Kernel density analysis was performed to analyze the characteristics of ungulates on microhabitat selection and utilization, and the overlap of niches among species was evaluated. The results show that: (1) The ungulates with high to low utilization frequency of the sites experienced earthquake damages are Chinese goral (Naemorhedus griseus), sambar (Rusa unicolor), Chinese serow (Capricornis milneedwardsii) and tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus). The utilization rate of the earthquake-damaged sites by tufted deer increased with vegetation restoration, while the overall utilization rate by Chinese serow decreased. (2) Chinese goral prefers habitats with an altitude of about 2 400 m, large number of woody species, large vegetation coverage and high soil ratio. Chinese serow prefers habitats with altitude of 2 600 m, large number of woody species, small vegetation coverage, and high ratio of bare rock or gravel. The tufted deer prefers habitats with altitude of 2 400-2 600 m, large number of herb species, large vegetation coverage and high soil ratio. The sambar prefers habitats with altitude of 2 100 m, large number of herb species, large vegetation coverage, and high ratio of bare rock or gravel. (3) A high similarity in micro-habitat utilization of earthquake-damaged sites was found between Chinese serow and Chinese goral, and between Chinese goral and tufted deer. The overlap in micro-habitat variables between sambar and Chinese serow, sambar and tufted deer, sambar and Chinese goral is low, and there was a large niche differentiation. By investigating the microhabitat selection characteristics of ungulate species in sites experienced earthquake damages, the study may enrich information about behavioral characteristics of ungulate species in dealing with earthquake damages and support effective species conservation policies and restoration measures after earthquake damages.

Key words: earthquake damaged site, ungulate, microhabitat selection, natural disturbance, Wolong Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

Q958.1

向姣, 周天祥, 郭桢杉, 毛泽恩, 黄金燕, 张晋东. 有蹄类动物对地震灾害体秋季微生境利用与选择特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(11): 1456-1463.

XIANG Jiao, ZHOU Tian-xiang, GUO Zhen-shan, MAO Ze-en, HUANG Jin-yan, ZHANG Jin-dong. Selection and Utilization of Microhabitats by Ungulates on the Earthquake Damaged Sites in Autumn[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(11): 1456-1463.

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有蹄类动物对地震灾害体秋季微生境利用与选择特征

Selection and Utilization of Microhabitats by Ungulates on the Earthquake Damaged Sites in Autumn

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