集水花坛组合工程对农村初期径流的污染物削减效果分析

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0230

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为有效削减农村集中居住区初期地表径流污染,在常州市前黄镇运村新运小桥浜附近构建了"沉降池-调节池-集水花坛"组合工程,主要收集约6.00 hm²集水区域内的初期径流和周边排水,并分别在工程进水口、沉降池出水口、调节池出水口和集水花坛出水口采集水样,监测主要水质指标,分析各污染物的沿程总削减率,估算组合工程对于初期径流污染的削减量。结果表明:(1)组合工程对TN、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、TP、COD_Cr和SS的沿程总削减率均值分别为39.1%、47.7%、29.0%、33.3%、33.4%和43.1%。2020年6月15日的暴雨径流对组合工程的冲刷效应明显,除了COD_Cr与NH₄⁺-N以外,其余污染物指标出水口浓度均高于进水口。(2)TN与NH₄⁺-N的沿程总削减率呈极显著相关(P<0.01);进水TP主要以溶解态磷的形式存在;COD_Cr与SS的沿程总削减率呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。组合工程中存在淹没区,有助于增加水生植物生物量,提高系统的反硝化能力,进而促进氮磷污染物的削减。(3)按照年降雨量进行估算,组合工程对集水区初期径流或排水中TN、TP和COD_Cr的年削减量分别约为2.49、0.29和20.94 kg·a^-1。后续需加强集水花坛组合工程小型化、标准化、净化效能及抗冲击负荷能力提升的研究,以便在太湖流域农村集中居住区进一步推广应用。

关键词: 集水花坛组合工程, 农村集中居住区, 初期径流污染, 污染负荷

Abstract: In order to reduce the initial runoff pollution in the rural residential area, a composite engineering consisting of a settling tank, an adjusting tank and a water-collecting flowerbed were constructed near Yuncun Village, Qianhuang Township, Changzhou City to collect the initial runoff and drainage from the catchment area (about 6.00 hm²). Based on the composite engineering, the monitoring test was done. Water samples were taken at the water inlet, the water outlet of the settling tank, the adjusting tank and water-collecting flowerbed. The physical and chemical indexes of water samples, including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^--N), total phosphorous (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr) and suspended solids (SS), were monitored to analyze the total removal rates of pollutants and estimate the reduction of pollutants in the initial runoff by the engineering. The results show that the average values of the total removal rates of TN、NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、TP、COD_Cr and SS were 39.1%, 47.4 %, 29.0%, 33.3%, 33.4% and 43.1%,respectively. The scouring effect to the composite engineering caused by the storm runoff of July 15, 2020 was significant when the pollutant concentrations in the effluent of the engineering were higher than those in the influent except for NH₄⁺-N and COD_Cr. The correlation between the total removal rates of TN and NH₄⁺-N was extremely significant (P<0.01), and the correlation between the total removal rates of COD_Cr and SS was extremely significant (P<0.01). The composition of TP in the influent was mainly dissolved phosphorus. Due to submerged volume in the engineering, the plant biomass was increased and the denitrification capacity of the system was improved, which in turn promoted the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants. Base on estimation of annual rainfall, the annual reduction amount of TN, TP and COD_Cr in runoff or drainage by the composite engineering were approximately 2.49, 0.29 and 20.94 kg·a^-1, respectively, and the effluent from the engineering can be used for reclaimed water reuse. How to miniaturize and standardize the composite engineering and improve its purifying efficiency and shock resistance should be the priorities in the future researches, so that it can be promoted and applied in more rural residential areas in Taihu Lake Basin.

Key words: composite engineering of water-collecting flowerbed, rural residential area, initial runoff pollution, pollution load

中图分类号:

X703

张迎颖, 姜智绘, 徐佳兵, 宋雪飞, 王岩, 闻学政, 刘海琴, 张志勇. 集水花坛组合工程对农村初期径流的污染物削减效果分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2023, 39(10): 1365-1374.

ZHANG Ying-ying, JIANG Zhi-hui, XU Jia-bing, SONG Xue-fei, WANG Yan, WEN Xue-zheng, LIU Hai-qin, ZHANG Zhi-yong. Removal Efficiency of Pollutants in Rural Initial Runoff by the Composite Engineering of Water-collecting Flowerbed[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2023, 39(10): 1365-1374.

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