宁绍平原绿地生态网络时空格局与优化研究

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0481

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 良好的绿地生态网络能够提升区域生态系统服务能力和生物多样性,有助于城乡环境的可持续发展。目前,对于以自然要素为边界且具有独特地理格局特征的地理单元研究相对缺乏,同时在绿地生态网络优化方面存在主观性较强、可实施性较差等问题。以宁绍平原为对象,对比分析了1990、2000、2010和2020年4个时期生态源地、生态阻力面和生态廊道的变化,探析绿地生态网络时空格局,并依据生态源地可逆性特点和现状条件提出布局优化建议。结果表明:(1)30年来城镇化建设使得宁绍平原重要生态源地规模下降20%,生态空间呈现显著的破碎化特征;(2)以各城市为中心的高阻力辐射圈层结构打破了原有的梯度阻力格局,较大地降低了平原整体的生物流动能力;(3)平原绿地生态网络结构呈现较强的波动性和脆弱性,当前平原东西两侧大面积区域生态廊道缺失;(4)恢复句余山、余姚江(宁波段)、奉化周边"虎头山-雨施山"丘陵斑块和杭州湾东段沿岸4处重要生态源地,新增河湖水系型、丘陵林地型和沿海岸线型21处重要生态源地,规划生态廊道132条,总长985.8 km,并筛选得到重要生态踏脚石90处和待修复生态障碍点252处。优化后绿地生态网络各指数及廊道电流密度相较于2020年将显著提升。该研究能够为宁绍平原绿地生态网络优化及相关区域绿地生态网络研究路径的确立提供参考。

关键词: 绿色生态网络, 时空格局, 布局优化, 宁绍平原

Abstract: Ecological networks with high-quality green space can increase regional ecosystem service capacity and biodiversity, as well as support the sustainable growth of urban and rural areas. There is a dearth of study on geographical units with natural elements as the boundary and unique geographical pattern characteristics. There are issues like strong subjectivity and subpar implementation in green space ecological network optimization. Taking Ningshao Plain as an example, the changes of ecological source area, ecological resistance surface and ecological corridor in four periods of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 were compared and analyzed. The spatial and temporal pattern of the green space ecological network is analyzed and recommendations on layout optimization are made in light of the reversibility characteristics and current ecological source area conditions. The results of the study show that: (1)Urbanization has reduced the scale of Ningshao Plain's significant ecological source region by 20% over the past 30 years, and the ecological space exhibits clear characteristics of fragmentation; (2)The original gradient resistance pattern was broken by the high resistance radiation layer structure centered on each city, which significantly reduced the Plain's general biological mobility; (3) The Ningshao Plain's green space ecological network structure shows strong fluctuation and fragility, and the ecological corridor is absent in the west and east of the region; (4)Four significant ecological sources-Juyu Mountain, Yuyao River (Ningbo section), Hutou Mountain, Yushi Mountain near Fenghua, and the eastern coastline section of Hangzhou Bay-have been selected as important ecological sources for restoration. 21 important ecological sources of river and lake systems, hilly woodland and coastal shoreline have been added. A total of 132 ecological corridors totaling 985.8 km in length have been designed. 90 important ecological stepping stones and 252 ecological barrier points to be repaired were screened. Following the optimization, corridor current density and green space ecological network indicators will greatly outperform those from 2020. This research can serve as a guide for improving the ecological network of green spaces in Ningshao Plain and for future research on similar regional ecological networks.

Key words: green space ecological networks, spatial-temporal pattern, layout optimization, Ningshao Plain

中图分类号:

X171.4

金爱博, 张诗阳, 王向荣. 宁绍平原绿地生态网络时空格局与优化研究[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(11): 1415-1426.

JIN Ai-bo, ZHANG Shi-yang, WANG Xiang-rong. Spatial-temporal Pattern and Optimization of the Green Space Ecological Networks in the Ningshao Plain[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(11): 1415-1426.

参考文献

[1] 彭建,汪安,刘焱序,等.城市生态用地需求测算研究进展与展望[J].地理学报,2015,70(2):333-346.[PENG Jian,WANG An,LIU Yan-xu,et al.Research Progress and Prospect on Measuring Urban Ecological Land Demand［J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(2):333-346.］
[2] 彭建,杨旸,谢盼,等.基于生态系统服务供需的广东省绿地生态网络建设分区[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4562-4572.[PENG Jian,YANG Yang,XIE Pan,et al.Zoning for the Construction of Green Space Ecological Networks in Guangdong Province Based on the Supply and Demand of Ecosystem Services［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2017,37(13):4562-4572.］
[3] JONGMAN R.Ecological Networks Are an Issue for All of US[J].Journal of Landscape Ecology,2008,1(1):7-13.
[4] 周媛,石铁矛,胡远满,等.沈阳城市绿地适宜性与空间布局[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(8):1805-1812.[ZHOU Yuan,SHI Tie-mao,HU Yuan-man,et al.Urban Green Space Land Suitability and Its Spatial Distribution in Shenyang City of Northeast China［J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(8):1805-1812.］
[5] 曲艺,陆明.生态网络规划研究进展与发展趋势[J].城市发展研究,2016,23(8):29-36.[QU Yi,LU Ming.Research Progress and Development Trend of Ecological Network Planning［J].Urban Development Studies,2016,23(8):29-36.］
[6] 陈竹安,马彬彬,危小建,等.基于MSPA和MCR模型的南昌市生态网络构建与优化[J].水土保持通报,2021,41(6):139-147.[CHEN Zhu-an,MA Bin-bin,WEI Xiao-jian,et al.Construction and Optimization of Ecological Network of Nanchang City Based on MSPA and MCR Model［J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,41(6):139-147.］
[7] 尹海伟,孔繁花,祈毅,等.湖南省城市群生态网络构建与优化[J].生态学报,2011,31(10):2863-2874.[YIN Hai-wei,KONG Fan-hua,QI Yi,et al.Developing and Optimizing Ecological Networks in Urban Agglomeration of Hunan Province,China［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(10):2863-2874.］
[8] 张雪茂,董廷旭,杜华明,等.基于景观生态风险评价的涪江流域景观格局优化[J].生态学报,2021,41(10):3940-3951.[ZHANG Xue-mao,DONG Ting-xu,DU Hua-ming,et al.Optimization of Landscape Pattern in Fujiang River Basin Based on Landscape Ecological Risk Assessment［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2021,41(10):3940-3951.］
[9] 罗文霞,钟康正,周晓娟,等.海口市江东新区30年来海岸带城市扩展与生态格局演变[J].生态学报,2022,42(6):2164-2174.[LUO Wen-xia,ZHONG Kang-zheng,ZHOU Xiao-juan,et al.Urban Expansion and Ecological Pattern Evolution of Coastal Zone in Jiangdong New District of Haikou City in the Past 30 Years［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2022,42(6):2164-2174.］
[10] 汪勇政,李久林,顾康康,等.基于形态学空间格局分析法的城市绿色基础设施网络格局优化:以合肥市为例[J].生态学报,2022,42(5):2022-2032.[WANG Yong-zheng,LI Jiu-lin,GU Kang-kang,et al.Optimization of Urban Green Infrastructure Network Layout Based on MSPA-CIRCUIT:Case of Hefei［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2022,42(5):2022-2032.］
[11] 王丽容,冯晓蕾,常青,等.基于InVEST-MCR复合模型的城市绿色空间生境网络格局构建研究[J].中国园林,2020,36(6):113-118.[WANG Li-rong,FENG Xiao-lei,CHANG Qing,et al.Pattern Construction of Habitat Network for Urban Green Space Based on the Compound Model of InVEST and MCR［J].Chinese Landscape Architecture,2020,36(6):113-118.］
[12] 韦宝婧,苏杰,胡希军,等.基于"HY-LM"的生态廊道与生态节点综合识别研究[J].生态学报,2022,42(7):2995-3009.[WEI Bao-jing,SU Jie,HU Xi-jun,et al.Comprehensive Identification of Eco-corridors and Eco-nodes Based on Principle of Hydrological Analysis and Linkage Mapper［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2022,42(7):2995-3009.］
[13] URBAN D,KEITT T.Landscape Connectivity:A Graph-theoretic Perspective[J].Ecology,2001,82(5):1205-1218.
[14] 沈钦炜,林美玲,莫惠萍,等.佛山市生态网络构建及优化[J].应用生态学报,2021,32(9):3288-3298.[SHEN Qin-wei,LIN Mei-ling,MO Hui-ping,et al.Ecological Network Construction and Optimization in Foshan City,China［J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2021,32(9):3288-3298.］
[15] HUANG X X,WANG H J,SHAN L Y,et al.Constructing and Optimizing Urban Ecological Network in the Context of Rapid Urbanization for Improving Landscape Connectivity[J].Ecological Indicators,2021,132:108319.
[16] 张诗阳,王向荣.宁绍平原河网水系的形成、演变与当代风景园林实践[J].风景园林,2017(7):89-99.[ZHANG Shi-yang,WANG Xiang-rong.The Formation,Evolution and Contemporary Landscape Architecture Practices of the River Network in Ningshao Plain［J].Landscape Architecture,2017(7):89-99.］
[17] 陈雯,闫东升,孙伟.长江三角洲新型城镇化发展问题与态势的判断[J].地理研究,2015,34(3):397-406.[CHEN Wen,YAN Dong-sheng,SUN Wei.Analyzing the Patterns and Processes of New Urbanization Development in the Yangtze River Delta［J].Geographical Research,2015,34(3):397-406.］
[18] ZHANG Y L,SHEN W J,LI M S,et al.Assessing Spatio-temporal Changes in Forest Cover and Fragmentation under Urban Expansion in Nanjing,Eastern China,from Long-term Landsat Observations (1987-2017)[J].Applied Geography,2020,117:102190.
[19] SAURA S,PASCUAL-HORTAL L.A New Habitat Availability Index to Integrate Connectivity in Landscape Conservation Planning:Comparison with Existing Indices and Application to a Case Study[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2007,83(2/3):91-103.
[20] SHARP R,TALLIS H T,RICKETTS T,et al.InVEST User's Guide[M].Stanford,CA,USA:The Natural Capital Project,2014:23-35.
[21] 刘汉仪,林媚珍,周汝波,等.基于InVEST模型的粤港澳大湾区生境质量时空演变分析[J].生态科学,2021,40(3):82-91.[LIU Han-yi,LIN Mei-zhen,ZHOU Ru-bo,et al.Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Habitat Quality in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Based on InVEST Model［J].Ecological Science,2021,40(3):82-91.］
[22] 毛齐正,马克明,邬建国,等.城市生物多样性分布格局研究进展[J].生态学报,2013,33(4):1051-1064.[MAO Qi-zheng,MA Ke-ming,WU Jian-guo,et al.An Overview of Advances in Distributional Pattern of Urban Biodiversity［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(4):1051-1064.］
[23] ZERBE S,MAURER U,SCHMITZ S,et al.Biodiversity in Berlin and Its Potential for Nature Conservation[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2003,62(3):139-148.
[24] KNAPP S,KVHN I,SCHWEIGER O,et al.Challenging Urban Species Diversity:Contrasting Phylogenetic Patterns across Plant Functional Groups in Germany[J].Ecology Letters,2008,11(10):1054-1064.
[25] 尚俊,蔡海生,龙月,等.基于InVEST模型的鄱阳湖区生境质量时空演化及其变迁特征分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2021,30(8):1901-1915.[SHANG Jun,CAI Hai-sheng,LONG Yue,et al.Temporal-spatial Distribution and Transition of Habitat Quality in Poyang Lake Region Based on InVEST Model［J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2021,30(8):1901-1915.］
[26] 高庆彦,潘玉君,刘化.基于InVEST模型的大理州生境质量时空演化研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2021,37(3):402-408.[GAO Qing-yan,PAN Yu-jun,LIU Hua.Spatial-temporal Evolution of Habitat Quality in the Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture Based on the InVEST Model［J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2021,37(3):402-408.］
[27] KNAAPEN J P,SCHEFFER M,HARMS B.Estimating Habitat Isolation in Landscape Planning[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,1992,23(1):1-16.
[28] 邓雪,李家铭,曾浩健,等.层次分析法权重计算方法分析及其应用研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2012,42(7):93-100.[DENG Xue,LI Jia-ming,ZENG Hao-jian,et al.Research on Computation Methods of AHP Weight Vector and Its Applications［J].Mathematics in Practice and Theory,2012,42(7):93-100.］
[29] 于梦林,刘平辉,朱传民.基于MCR模型的宁波市生态安全网络构建[J].水土保持通报,2022,42(1):217-224.[YU Meng-lin,LIU Ping-hui,ZHU Chuan-min.Construction of Ecological Security Network Based on Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model at Ningbo City［J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2022,42(1):217-224.］
[30] MCRAE B H.Isolation by Resistance[J].Evolution,2006,60(8):1551-1561.
[31] MCRAE B H,DICKSON B G,KEITT T H,et al.Using Circuit Theory to Model Connectivity in Ecology,Evolution,and Conservation[J].Ecology,2008,89(10):2712-2724.
[32] 刘佳,尹海伟,孔繁花,等.基于电路理论的南京城市绿色基础设施格局优化[J].生态学报,2018,38(12):4363-4372.[LIU Jia,YIN Hai-wei,KONG Fan-hua,et al.Structure Optimization of Circuit Theory-based Green Infrastructure in Nanjing,China［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2018,38(12):4363-4372.］
[33] 张远景,俞滨洋.城市生态网络空间评价及其格局优化[J].生态学报,2016,36(21):6969-6984.[ZHANG Yuan-jing,YU Bin-yang.Analysis of Urban Ecological Network Space and Optimization of Ecological Network Pattern［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(21):6969-6984.］
[34] 吴茂全,胡蒙蒙,汪涛,等.基于生态安全格局与多尺度景观连通性的城市生态源地识别[J].生态学报,2019,39(13):4720-4731.[WU Mao-quan,HU Meng-meng,WANG Tao,et al.Recognition of Urban Ecological Source Area Based on Ecological Security Pattern and Multi-scale Landscape Connectivity［J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2019,39(13):4720-4731.］
[35] 王玉莹,沈春竹,金晓斌,等.基于MSPA和MCR模型的江苏省生态网络构建与优化[J].生态科学,2019,38(2):138-145.[WANG Yu-ying,SHEN Chun-zhu,JIN Xiao-bin,et al.Developing and Optimizing Ecological Networks Based on MSPA and MCR Model［J].Ecological Science,2019,38(2):138-145.］