基于计算流体动力学(CFD)的湖泊因子对城市湖泊增湿效应的模拟研究：以湖南烈士公园湖泊为例

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选取湖南烈士公园湖泊为研究对象，采用定点实测与计算流体动力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）模拟相结合的方法，以相对湿度和风速作为评价指标，重点研究湖泊因子（湖泊面积和湖泊形状指数）与夏季湖泊湿度效应之间的关系。结果表明：（1）受夏季主导风向影响，研究区不同区域整体相对湿度由大到小依次为下风向区域、垂直风向区域和上风向区域，在距湖泊周围1 500 m范围内增湿效应较显著；（2）湖泊增湿效应与湖泊面积指数呈正相关，分别与湖泊形状指数、距离指数呈负相关，其中，面积指数贡献值最大：湖泊面积减小为0时，下风向区域所受影响较大，相对湿度下降7.4~8.2百分点，中心湖泊区域相对湿度下降15.1~15.5百分点；湖泊面积减小为1/2时，下风向区域相对湿度下降2.3~3.0百分点，湖泊增湿效应相对减弱；（3）湖泊面积不变，增大湖泊形状指数，湖泊下垫面发生变化，水体整体性改变，湖泊局部区域受到影响。增大湖泊形状指数为实际算例的1.5倍，下风向区域相对湿度下降0.6~1.3百分点；增大湖泊形状指数为实际算例的2倍，下风向区域相对湿度下降1.7~2.2百分点。该研究对于改善城市湖泊周边环境小气候以及为今后的城市湖区规划建设提供参考依据具有重要意义。

关键词: 小气候, CFD模拟, 城市湖泊, 湖泊因子, 湿度效应

Abstract: Taking the lakes in the Lieshi Park of Hunan Province as the research objects and relative humidity and wind speed as evaluation indicators, the relationship between lake factor (indexes of lake area and form) and the humidification effect of the lake in summer was studied by using field measurement in combination with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The results indicate that (1) Under the influence of dominant wind direction in summer, the order of different regions of the study area was downwind, vertical wind and upwind successively in terms of the overall relative humidity from high to low, and the humidification effect was significant within 1 500 m away from the lake; (2) The humidification effect of the lake was positively correlated with index of lake area but negatively correlated with index of lake form and distance, among which index of lake area was the most significant factor. When lake area was reduced to 0, the relative humidity in the downwind region was significantly affected with a decline of 7.4-8.2 percentage point, and that of the central lake region decreased by 15.1-15.5 percentage point; When lake area was reduced by a half, the relative humidity in the downwind region decreased by 2.3-3.0 percentage point, and correspondingly the humidification effect of the lake was weakened. (3) When lake area remained unchanged but the index of lake form was increased, the underlying surface of the lake and water in the lake changed, and some regions of the lake were affected. When the index of lake form was increased by 1.5 times of the actual example, the relative humidity in the downwind region decreased by 0.6-1.3 percentage point; when the index of lake form was increased to be twice as much as the actual example, the relative humidity in the downwind region decreased by 1.7-2.2 percentage point. This study is of great significance for providing references to the improvement of the microclimate around urban lakes and for the future urban lake planning and construction.

Key words: microclimate, CFD simulation, urban lake, lake factor, humidity effect

中图分类号:

张伟, 陈存友, 胡希军, 王凯丽, 赵荻. 基于计算流体动力学(CFD)的湖泊因子对城市湖泊增湿效应的模拟研究：以湖南烈士公园湖泊为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(1): 110-119.

ZHANG Wei, CHEN Cun-you, HU Xi-jun, WANG Kai-li, ZHAO Di. Simulation Study on the Effect of Lake Factors on the Humidification of Urban Lakes Based on CFD: Take the Lake of Lieshi Park in Hunan as an Example[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(1): 110-119.

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