稻田综合种养模式对土壤生态系统的影响研究进展

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2020.0944

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 稻田综合种养模式可实现稳产增收，粮渔共赢，同时也对稻田土壤生态系统产生了显著影响。该文总结了近年来国内外有关稻-鱼、稻-虾、稻-蟹、稻-鳖和稻-鸭等稻田综合种养模式的研究进展，分析了稻田综合种养模式对农田土壤理化性质、土壤动物、土壤微生物和农田生态系统服务功能的影响及作用机制。结果表明，稻田综合种养模式降低了土壤容重，提高了土壤孔隙度，改善了土壤团聚体的稳定性，增加了土壤养分含量；改变了土壤动物的丰度和群落结构，提高了土壤微生物的数量和活性，调节了微生物群落的组成和多样性；促进了农田生态系统的文化服务功能。然而，稻田综合种养模式也可能造成土壤潜育化、重金属污染等潜在风险。此外，不同的稻田综合种养模式对农田粮食供给和温室气体排放功能的影响各异。未来应进一步加强长期稻田综合种养模式对土壤物理、化学和生物学特性的影响研究；阐明不同稻田种养模式下土壤物质、能量和信息流过程以及土壤生态系统服务功能的差异及其作用机制；集成应用科学合理的稻田综合种养模式，实现农业的可持续发展。

关键词: 稻田综合种养模式, 土壤理化性质, 土壤生物, 土壤生态系统, 农田生态系统

Abstract: The co-culture of rice and aquatic animals mode (CRAA) not only maintains the yield of rice crops, but also brings about higher income for the farmers and a win-win outcome for both agriculture and aquaculture. Meanwhile, CRAAs can have significant impacts on the ecosystem of paddy fields. This paper reviews the most recent findings in regards to the effects of various CRAAs such as rice-fish, rice-crayfish, rice-crab, rice-turtle and rice-duck on soil physical-chemical properties, soil animals, soil microorganisms, and paddy field ecosystem services. Our review suggests that CRAA reduces soil bulk density, improves soil porosity, soil aggregate stability and soil fertility. In addition, it changes the abundance and community structure of soil animals, increases the number and activity of soil microorganisms and adjusts the composition and diversity of the microbial communities. Moreover, CRAA promotes the cultural service functions of paddy ecosystem. Nevertheless, CRAA may aggravate the soil gleization and cause the accumulation of heavy metals and pollutants in soil. The impacts of CRAA on the food supply and greenhouse gas emissions from paddy field soils remain controversy. We should further clarify the long-term effects of CRAA on soil physical, chemical and biological properties,discuss the differences in soil material, energy and information flow processes, soil ecosystem services and their mechanisms under different CRAA modes. In addition, the key technologies aiming to apply CRAA in agriculture should be further integrated and extended in the futureto achieve sustainable development of agriculture.

Key words: rice-animal co-culture mode, soil physical-chemical properties, soil organisms, soil ecosystem, paddy field ecosystem

中图分类号:

X825
S181

李文博, 刘少君, 叶新新, 郜红建. 稻田综合种养模式对土壤生态系统的影响研究进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2021, 37(10): 1292-1300.

LI Wen-bo, LIU Shao-jun, YE Xin-xin, GAO Hong-jian. Effects of the Co-culture of Rice and Aquatic Animals on Soil Eco-system: A Review[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2021, 37(10): 1292-1300.

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