风险冲击对农业文化遗产地农户可持续生计的影响:以安徽铜陵白姜(Zingiber officinale)种植系统为例

doi:10.19741/j.issn.1673-4831.2022.0625

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 农户可持续生计是农业文化遗产保护与发展的关键要素,但遗产系统的濒危性特点和农业的自然再生产与经济再生产交织特征,使得其面临以市场风险和自然风险为主的风险冲击。笔者以中国重要农业文化遗产-安徽铜陵白姜(Zingiber officinale)种植系统为例,依据可持续生计理论构建"风险冲击→生计资本→生计结果"分析框架,并采用形成型指标的结构方程模型,探讨风险冲击对遗产地农户生计资本和生计结果的影响机理,进一步明晰遗产地农户生计资本与生计结果的影响关系。结果表明:(1)遗产地农户遭受市场风险或自然风险时主要依靠动用储蓄、降低现金持有以及减少教育和培训支出等手段来应对,导致遗产地农户金融资本和人力资本存量明显减少。(2)遗产地从事传统农业生产的劳动力老龄化、传统农业技术能力减弱以及传统农业与其他产业有效融合不足等现状,限制了遗产地农户生计结果的改善。(3)遗产地农户生计结果受市场风险的负面影响更为直接,但从总体上看受自然风险的负面影响更大。基于此,农业文化遗产保护与发展应从强化风险冲击应对措施、提高农产品附加价值和推动农文旅有效融合等多方面促进农户生计的可持续性。

关键词: 中国重要农业文化遗产, 风险冲击, 可持续生计, 结构方程模型, 铜陵白姜种植系统

Abstract: Farmers' sustainable livelihood is a critical element for the conservation and development of agricultural heritage systems. Given the fact that agricultural heritage systems are endangered on one hand and agricultural production is an interweave process of natural and economic reproduction on the other hand, farmers' sustainable livelihood is vulnerable to risk shocks, including market and natural risks. Taking Tongling Zingiber officinale Planting System (TGPS) in Anhui Province as an example, one of China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems, this paper used a structural equation model with formative indicators to investigate the impact of risk shocks on farmers' livelihood resources and outcomes and its underlying mechanisms, and further discussed the relationship between livelihood resources and livelihood outcomes by constructing the analytical framework of risk shocks → livelihood resources → livelihood outcomes based on sustainable livelihoods framework. The results show that: (1) In TGPS site, farmers heavily depend on using savings, lowing cash holdings, and reducing expenditures on education and train to cope with market or natural risks, causing the stock of farmers' financial capital and human capital to reduce more. (2) The improvement of farmers' livelihood outcomes is limited due to the aging of traditional agricultural labor forces, the weakening technical capacity of traditional agriculture production and the insufficient integration of traditional agriculture with other industries in TGPS site. (3) Market risks have a significant and direct negative effect on farmer's livelihood outcomes, but the total effect of natural risk on farmer's livelihood outcomes is bigger. Based on it, the conservation and development of agricultural heritage systems should focus on promoting the sustainability of farmers' livelihood from different aspects, such as taking more measures to cope with risk shocks, increasing the added value of agricultural products, and promoting the integrated development of agriculture, culture and tourism industries.

Key words: China Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems, risk shocks, sustainable livelihood, Structural Equation Modeling, Tongling Zingiber officinale Planting System

中图分类号:

刘吉龙, 李先德, 张永勋, 孙致陆, 曹芳芳, 钱宸. 风险冲击对农业文化遗产地农户可持续生计的影响:以安徽铜陵白姜(Zingiber officinale)种植系统为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2022, 38(12): 1514-1525.

LIU Ji-long, LI Xian-de, ZHANG Yong-xun, SUN Zhi-lu, CAO Fang-fang, QIAN Chen. Impact of Risk Shocks on Farmers' Sustainable Livelihood in Agricultural Heritage Sites: A Case Study of Tongling Zingiber officinale Planting System in Anhui Province[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2022, 38(12): 1514-1525.

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