生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 603-608.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.04.014

• 自然保护与生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原不同年限日光温室中高寒草甸土壤机械组成、养分与微生物活性变化

谢青琰1,2, 张梦瑶1,2, 高永恒1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所山地表生过程与生态调控重点实验室, 四川 成都 610041;
    2. 中国科学院大学资源与环境科学学院, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2015-08-14 出版日期:2016-07-25 发布日期:2016-07-26
  • 通讯作者: 高永恒 E-mail:yhgao@imde.ac.cn E-mail:yhgao@imde.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:谢青琰(1991-),男,甘肃环县人,硕士生,主要从事寒区环境生态学过程研究。E-mail:xiekemeom13@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB417101);国家自然科学基金(40801089);成都山地灾害与环境研究所“一三五”方向性课题项目(SDS-135-1203-03)

Variation of Mechanical Composition, Nutrition and Microbial Activity of Alpine Meadow Soil in Greenhouses With Cultivation Age on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

XIE Qing-yan1,2, ZHANG Meng-yao1,2, GAO Yong-heng1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Environment Evolution and Its Regulation, Institute of Chengdu Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;
    2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2015-08-14 Online:2016-07-25 Published:2016-07-26

摘要:

选取青藏高原东部种植年限分别为5、10和15 a的日光温室以及天然草地为研究对象,探讨了大棚蔬菜栽培对高寒草甸土壤机械组成、养分含量以及微生物活性的影响。结果表明:(1)随着种植年限的延长,土壤粒径呈变细的趋势。与对照相比,种植5、10和15 a后,温室土壤<10 μm粒径颗粒质量分数分别提高8.5、19.3和20.3百分点;(2)除铵态氮(NH4+-N)外,土壤有机碳(SOC)、全氮(TN)、碱解氮(AN)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、全磷(TP)、有效磷(PO43--P)含量和阳离子交换量(CEC)随着种植年限的延长而升高,表现出显著积累趋势。种植10 a的温室土壤TP和PO43--P含量达到最大值,分别为1.4 g·kg-1和80.8 mg·kg-1。与对照相比,种植15 a的温室土壤SOC、TN、AN、NO3--N含量和CEC分别增加55.1%、93.8%、48.5%、138.3%和81.8%;(3)温室土壤微生物活性随种植年限的延长而增强。与对照相比,种植5 a的温室土壤脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性分别升高46.2%和41.7%,种植10 a的温室土壤微生物生物量氮(MBN)含量和蔗糖酶活性分别升高66.7%和26.6%,种植15 a的温室土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)含量和过氧化氢酶活性分别升高50.3%和100.0%。可见,日光温室栽培改善了高寒草甸土壤理化性质,提高了土壤微生物活性。

关键词: 高寒草甸土, 日光温室, 机械组成, 养分, 酶活性

Abstract:

An investigation was conducted to explore variation of soil mechanical composition, soil nutrition and microbial activity in alpine meadow soil under greenhouse with cultivation age on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Three greenhouses different in cultivation age, 5, 10 and 15 years, and an open tract of natural meadow were selected for comparison. Results show that: (1) With greenhouse cultivation going on, soil particle size tended to be smaller. Compared to CK, the open tract of natural meadow, in the greenhouse that had been operating for 5, 10 and 15 years, the fraction <10 μm in soil particle size increased by 8.5, 19.3 and 20.3 percentage points, respectively. (2) The contents of all soil nutrients, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), nitrate (NO3--N), soil total phosphorus (TP), and available phosphorus (PO43--P),except ammonia (NH4+-N), and cation exchange capacity (CEC) increased with rising cultivation age, showing a significant tendency of accumulation. In the greenhouse 10 years in cultivation history, TP and PO43--P contents peaked, being 1.4 g·kg-1 and 80.8 mg·kg-1, respectively; and in the greenhouse 15 years in cultivation history, SOC, TN, AN, NO3--N and CEC increased by 55.1%, 93.8%, 48.5%, 138.3% and 81.8%, respectively, over that in CK. And (3) Soil microbial activity in the greenhouse soils also increased with cultivation age. Compared to CK, the soil in the greenhouse 5 years in cultivation history, was 46.2% and 41.7% higher in the activity of urease and acid phosphatase, respectively; the soil in the greenhouse 10 years in cultivation history was 66.7% and 26.6% higher in content of soil microbial biomass nitrogen and activity of invertase, respectively; and the soil in the greenhouse 15 years in cultivation history was 50.3% and 100.0% higher in content of soil microbial biomass carbon and activity of catalase, respectively. Obviously, sun-light greenhouse cultivation improves physic-chemical properties of the alpine meadow soil and soil enzyme activity, too.

Key words: alpine meadow soil, sunlight greenhouse, mechanical composition, nutrient, enzyme activity

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