磺胺二甲嘧啶对沼气发酵过程中酶活性和微生物群落功能多样性的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.07.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着畜禽养殖业的发展，兽用抗生素作为饲料添加剂被广泛应用于畜禽养殖，以促进畜禽生长和防病，导致畜禽粪便和抗生素污染总量增加。为了探讨抗生素对沼气发酵过程的影响，以猪粪和玉米秸秆为原料，研究磺胺二甲嘧啶（SMZ）对沼气发酵过程中脲酶、脱氢酶以及微生物群落代谢的影响。结果表明，在沼气发酵初期（3~6 d），20 mg·kg^-1 SMZ和60 mg·kg^-1 SMZ处理（T1、T2处理）对脲酶活性有激活作用，随着发酵时间的延长，SMZ对脲酶活性由促进变为抑制作用。120 mg·kg^-1 SMZ处理（T3处理）对脱氢酶活性表现为先抑制后促进作用。采用Biolog方法分析SMZ对沼气发酵过程中微生物群落功能多样性的影响，结果表明，T2和T3处理对平均颜色变化率（AWCD）具有先抑制后促进作用。对Shannon指数和Simpson指数分析表明，在沼气发酵的启动期（第6天），SMZ能够显著降低微生物群落的功能多样性和物种丰富度；随着沼气发酵时间的延长，在沼气发酵产气下降期（第35天），SMZ增加了微生物群落的功能多样性和物种丰富度。可见，SMZ对猪粪沼气发酵过程中水解酶活性和微生物群落功能多样性的影响较大，在沼气发酵不同时期，SMZ对水解酶活性和微生物群落多样性的影响也不同。

关键词: 磺胺二甲嘧啶, 沼气发酵, 酶活性, 微生物群落

Abstract:

With the development of livestock and poultry breeding industry, veterinary antibiotics are widely used as feed additives in domestic animal farming, either to improve the growth performance or to prevent infection, resulting in an increase in the total amount of livestock fecal contamination as well as antibiotic contamination. In order to investigate the effect of veterinary antibiotics on biogas fermentation, an experiment was designed to study the effects of sulfamethazine (SMZ) addition in the pig manure on enzyme activities and microbial community functional diversity in the biogas fermentation process with pig manure and corn stalks as raw materials. The results show that T1 treatment (20 mg·kg^-1) and T2 treatment (60 mg·kg^-1) would promote the urease activities in the initial stage of biogas fermentation(from day 3 to day 6), since then on, it was decreased. The dehydrogenase activity in T3 treatment (120 mg·kg^-1) was inhibited at the beginning of the composting process and then was promoted. The effect of sulfamethazine addition on microbial community functional diversity during biogas fermentation was assayed with Biolog method. The results show that AWCD (average well color development) values in T2 and T3 treatment was inhibited at the beginning of the composting process and then was promoted. Shannon index and Simpson index results suggest that the sulfamethazine addition could significantly reduce the functional diversity of microbial communities in the initial stage of the biogas fermentation (in the first 6 days), in contrast, it could increase the functional diversity of microbial communities in the first 35 days. It is obvious that sulfamethazine has significant effect on hydrolytic enzyme activities and microbial community functional diversity in the pig manure biogas fermentation process. The effect of sulfamethazine on hydrolytic enzyme activities and microbial community functional diversity are also different in the different stages of biogas fermentation.

Key words: sulfamethazine, biogas fermentation, enzyme activity, microbial community

中图分类号:

X705

张敏, 张俊, 钱金秋, 刘庆玉, 邵明杰, 尹思媛. 磺胺二甲嘧啶对沼气发酵过程中酶活性和微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(7): 653-659.

ZHANG Min, ZHANG Jun, QIAN Jin-qiu, LIU Qing-yu, SHAO Ming-jie, YIN Si-yuan. Effects of Sulfamethazine on Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community Functional Diversity During Biogas Fermentation[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(7): 653-659.

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