猪场污水还田与化肥配施对农田水土环境和作物产量的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.04.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

畜禽粪污还田利用作为一种具有良好经济性和可操作性的资源化处理方式，近年来逐步成为规模化畜禽养殖场污染减排的方向，但其在还田过程中对水、土壤环境以及作物产量的潜在影响也不容忽视。以规模化养猪场为例，以常规化肥施用农田为对照，研究猪场厌氧污水还田与化肥配施对水环境（地表径流污染物流失负荷、地下水污染物浓度）、土壤环境（养分含量）和作物产量的影响。结果表明，与常规对照农田相比，污水还田农田地表径流化学需氧量（COD）、总磷（TP）和可溶性磷（DP）年流失负荷分别显著增加32.18%、15.46%和28.13%，但氨氮（以NH₄⁺-N计）年流失负荷显著减少31.81%；地下水COD、硝态氮（NO₃^--N）、TP和DP等污染物浓度分别显著提高24.69%、17.04%、11.76%和21.05%；与初始土壤相比，污水还田农田不同土层中TN含量显著降低，常规对照农田TP含量显著降低；污水还田农田作物产量与常规对照农田无显著差异。

关键词: 规模化养猪场, 厌氧污水, 还田利用, 面源污染

Abstract:

Land application of livestock manure and wastewater has been gradually accepted as an effective waste disposal option for intensive livestock and poultry farms to reduce discharge of pollution, and the option is thought to be economically, environmentally and socially beneficial. However, it is still unclear whether the option has any potential impacts on soil and water environment and crop yield. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out in Chongming Island, Shanghai, to compare between application of anaerobically digested wastewater from a large-scale swine farm coupled with chemical fertilizer in paddy field (SMC field) and conventional application of chemical fertilizer (CKC field) in impact on water environment (pollution load in surface runoff and concentrations of pollutants in groundwater), soil environment (nutrient content) and crop yield. Results show that in SMC, COD, TP and DP in surface runoff was increased significantly by 32.18%, 15.46% and 28.13%, respectively, while ammonia nitrogen was decreased by 31.81%, in SMC filed; and COD, NO₃^--N, TP and DP in groundwater was increased by 24.69%, 17.04%, 11.76% and 21.05%, respectively; Compared with the initial data of the field, TN decreased significantly in all the soil layers in SMC and TP decreased significantly in CKC. However, SMC and CKC did not differ much in crop yield.

Key words: intensive swine farm, digested wastewater, land application, non-point source pollution

中图分类号:

S19
X713

张心良. 猪场污水还田与化肥配施对农田水土环境和作物产量的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(4): 645-650.

ZHANG Xin-liang. Effects of Application of Swine Farm Wastewater Coupled With Chemical Fertilizer on Water, Soil and Crop[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2016, 32(4): 645-650.

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