基于MAXENT模型的丹顶鹤越冬生境变化分析:以盐城保护区为例

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.06.015

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 964-970.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2016.06.015

基于MAXENT模型的丹顶鹤越冬生境变化分析:以盐城保护区为例

曹铭昌¹, 孙孝平², 乐志芳¹, 崔鹏¹, 龚溪³, 徐海根¹

1. 环境保护部南京环境科学研究所, 江苏南京 210042;
2. 南京林业大学江苏省南方现代林业协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210037;
3. 南京信息工程大学地理与遥感学院, 江苏南京 210044

出版日期:2016-11-25 发布日期:2016-11-30
通讯作者: 徐海根,E-mail:xhg@nies.org E-mail:xhg@nies.org
作者简介:曹铭昌(1979-),男,江西安福人,副研究员,博士,主要从事大尺度生物多样性监测、评估和预警研究。E-mail:caomingc@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41101424，31461143033）；江苏省自然科学基金（BK2011083）

Analysis of Changes in Wintering Habitat of Red-Crowned Cranes Based on MAXENT Model: A Case Study of Yancheng Nature Reserve

CAO Ming-chang¹, SUN Xiao-ping², LE Zhi-fang¹, CUI Peng¹, GONG Xi³, XU Hai-gen¹

1. Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, China;
2. Jiangsu Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Southern China Sustainable Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
3. School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China

Online:2016-11-25 Published:2016-11-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐城保护区是全球野生丹顶鹤（Grus japonensis）迁徙种群主要的越冬栖息地之一。近年来，丹顶鹤越冬生境变化显著。应用MAXENT模型，结合丹顶鹤野外调查数据和主要环境特征变量，对2000-2013年盐城保护区丹顶鹤越冬生境变化和主要原因进行分析。模型分析结果表明，到道路距离、到养殖塘距离和到米草滩距离，以及到芦苇滩距离和到碱蓬滩距离分别是2000和2013年影响丹顶鹤分布的主要环境因子。2000-2013年期间，盐城保护区内丹顶鹤适宜生境面积持续减少，由94 571 hm²减少为22 365 hm²；适宜生境破碎化程度不断加剧，分布格局由连续分布变为集中分布在核心区周围区域。丹顶鹤适宜生境丧失与保护区内碱蓬滩、泥滩、盐田面积大幅减少，养殖塘面积大幅增加有关。建议保护区在丹顶鹤越冬生境保护中做好以下工作：（1）加强核心区湿地生境保护和恢复；（2）加强实验区和缓冲区人工湿地管护；（3）加强对保护区内人为干扰活动的监督和管理。

关键词: 丹顶鹤, MAXENT模型, 越冬生境, 适宜生境, 盐城保护区

Abstract:

The Yancheng Nature Reserve (YNR) is an important wintering ground for wild red-crowned crane (Grus japonensis) in the world on their migration route. Recently, the wintering ground of YNR has undergone significant changes. An analysis was done of changes in the wintering habitat of red-crowned cranes in YNR during the period of 2000-2013 and their major causes, using the MAXENT Model, data of field surveys, and environmental characteristic variables extracted from Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 8 images of 2000 and 2013. The analysis reveals that the distance to roads, fishponds and smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora), and the distance to reed shoals and seepweed shoals, as well, were the main factors that influenced selection of wintering habitat by red-crowned cranes in 2000 and 2013, respectively. During the period of 2000-2013, suitable habitats for red-crowned cranes decreased from 94 571 to 22 365 hm² in area, and were getting more and more fragmented. The distribution of red crowned crane habitats changed in pattern, from a continuous one to one concentrated around the core area of YNR. The loss of suitable habitats may be related to drastic reduction of seepweed tidal flats, mudflats and salt pans in area, and rapid expansion of fish ponds. It is, therefore, recommended that more efforts be devoted to the following aspects of work in protecting red-crowned crane habitats in YNR:(1) strengthen protection and restoration of the wetland habitats in the core area; (2) intensify management and conservation of the artificial wetlands in the buffer area and the experimental area; and (3) enforce supervision and management of human disturbance activities in YNR.

Key words: red-crowned crane, MAXENT, wintering habitat, suitable habitat, Yancheng Nature Reserve

中图分类号:

X36
X826

曹铭昌, 孙孝平, 乐志芳, 崔鹏, 龚溪, 徐海根. 基于MAXENT模型的丹顶鹤越冬生境变化分析:以盐城保护区为例[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2016, 32(6): 964-970.

CAO Ming-chang, SUN Xiao-ping, LE Zhi-fang, CUI Peng, GONG Xi, XU Hai-gen. Analysis of Changes in Wintering Habitat of Red-Crowned Cranes Based on MAXENT Model: A Case Study of Yancheng Nature Reserve[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2016, 32(6): 964-970.

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基于MAXENT模型的丹顶鹤越冬生境变化分析:以盐城保护区为例

Analysis of Changes in Wintering Habitat of Red-Crowned Cranes Based on MAXENT Model: A Case Study of Yancheng Nature Reserve

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