青海湖流域草地退化时空分布特征

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.05.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

青海湖地区是我国青藏高原的生态脆弱区，草地退化状况是反映该流域生态环境状况的有效指标。在对青海湖流域退化草地进行分类的基础上，利用遥感手段获得流域退化草地的空间分布和空间动态。在草地退化重点区域选取8个样地来反映流域不同区域、不同类型草地的退化情况。结果表明，1977-2000年青海湖流域草地退化情况十分严重，流域内草地共减少206.68 km²，其中，大部分草地转变为耕地和沙地。草地退化主要集中在湖区南岸、共和县的黑马河乡及布哈河口的鸟岛3个区域。2000年以后，流域内草地退化情况得到明显改善，草地总面积开始有所增加，主要原因是2000年之后温度升高和降水增加为草地的生长和改善提供了有利的自然条件，以及政府和相关部门在流域内实行了一系列草地保护政策。2004年是青海湖流域气候转折年，流域气温明显升高，降水明显增加，青海湖水位下降趋势有所缓解，流域草地退化现象明显好转。青海湖流域草地是该流域生态系统的重要指示植被，利用归一化植被指数（NDVI）可准确监测流域植被变化情况。

关键词: 青海湖流域, 草地退化, 时空分布, 植被指数

Abstract:

Grassland degradation is an effective indicator of eco-environment in the Qinghai-Lake Valley, an ecologically vulnerable area of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Eight sample plots representing different types of grasslands different in degradation degree in different regions in the valley were set up within the key grassland degradation region and based on grading of grassland degradations in the Qinghai-Lake Valley, spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of the degraded grasslands in the valley were obtained by means of remote sensing. Results show that during the period between 1977 and 2000, grassland degradation was very serious in the valley, with the total area of grassland cut by 206.68 km², most of which turned into farmlands and sand lands. Grassland degradation occurred mainly in three regions, i. e. the south shore of the Qinghai Lake, Heimahe Township of the Gonghe County, and the Bird Island in the estuary of the Buha River. In the years after 2000, grassland degradation altered in trend with grassland beginning to increase in area, which was attributed to the changes in climate. Increased temperature and precipitation was favorable to growth of grasses and development of grassland. Besides, the government promulgated and enforced a series of grassland protection policies. The year of 2004 was a turning point for the valley, where air temperature and precipitation increased significantly, and consequently, the declining tendency of the water table of the lake was somewhat retarded and grassland degradation lost its momentum. Overall, grassland is the important indicator vegetation of the Qinghai-Lake Valley, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) can be used to accurately monitor vegetation dynamics in the valley.

Key words: Qinghai-Lake Valley, grassland degradation, spatial and temporal distribution, NDVI

中图分类号:

张明, 崔军, 曹学章. 青海湖流域草地退化时空分布特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(5): 426-432.

ZHANG Ming, CUI Jun, CAO Xue-zhang. Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Grassland Degradation in Qinghai-Lake Valley[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(5): 426-432.

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