2011-2015年我国水污染事件及原因分析

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.09.002

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 775-782.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.09.002

2011-2015年我国水污染事件及原因分析

吉立¹, 刘晶^1,2, 李志威^1,2, 潘保柱³, 孙萌¹

1. 长沙理工大学水利工程学院, 湖南长沙 410114;
2. 长沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室, 湖南长沙 410114;
3. 长江科学院, 湖北武汉 430010

收稿日期:2016-11-25 出版日期:2017-09-25 发布日期:2017-09-25
通讯作者: 李志威,E-mail:lzhiwei2009@163.com E-mail:lzhiwei2009@163.com
作者简介:吉立(1995-),男,江苏泰州人,本科生,主要从事港口航道与海岸工程研究。E-mail:8119627@qq.com
基金资助:
湖南省教育厅资助科研项目（16B010）；长沙科学与水灾害防治湖南省重点实验室基金（2016SS04）；长江科学院开放研究基金（CKWV2016369/KY）

Accidents of Water Pollution in China in 2011-2015 and Their Causes.

JI Li¹, LIU Jing^1,2, LI Zhi-wei^1,2, PAN Bao-zhu³, SUN Meng¹

1. School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Water-Sediment Sciences and Water Disaster Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410114, China;
3. Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China

Received:2016-11-25 Online:2017-09-25 Published:2017-09-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水污染事件在我国发生较频繁，严重影响我国城镇饮水安全和水环境状况。整理和统计了我国2011-2015年发生的373起水污染事件，并主要从污染类型、污染物质、处理措施、影响范围和地域分布5个方面对水污染事件进行统计并剖析典型案例及原因。结果表明，突然排污、累积污染、污染泄漏和管道事故是主要风险源；污水、化学品、油类为主要污染物质。284起污染事件得到处理，占总数的76.14%，仍有80起未得到处理或未采取相关措施，占总数的19.48%。水污染事件多发生在东南沿海经济发达地区，主要原因是沿海地区工业发达，是工业废水的主要排放区域。另外，还通过分析突然排污、累积污染、污染泄漏和管道事故的典型案例，剖析了处理措施的合理性并提出更有效的处理方案。

关键词: 水污染, 污染物质, 事件分布, 处理措施, 统计分析

Abstract:

Water pollution accidents occurred quite frequently in China, seriously threatening drinking water safety and water environment. Data and information of the 373 water pollution accidents that occurred during the five years from 2011 to 2015 collected and collated were for statistics and analysis of type of pollution, pollutants, measures taken to address the pollutions, scope of impacts and area of distribution. Results show that sudden pollution discharge, pollutant accumulation, pollution leakage, and piping accidents are the major sources of pollution risks and wastewater, chemicals, and oils are the main pollutants. Of the 373 accidents, 284 or 76.14% were addressed and 80 or 19.48% not. Most of the accidents occurred in the economically well-developed coastal areas in east and south China, like Shandong, Jiangsu, Fujian, Zhejiang and Guangdong, where the industry is highly developed and discharges large volumes of wastewater. The accidents have caused great concerns in the country. Besides, cases typical of sudden pollution discharge, pollutant accumulation, pollution leakage, and piping accidents were studied and analyzed for rationality of their addressing. On such a basis, more effective and rational pollution accident addressing programs were put forth for discussion.

Key words: water pollution, pollution matter, event distribution, treatment measure, statistical analysis

中图分类号:

X522

吉立, 刘晶, 李志威, 潘保柱, 孙萌. 2011-2015年我国水污染事件及原因分析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(9): 775-782.

JI Li, LIU Jing, LI Zhi-wei, PAN Bao-zhu, SUN Meng. Accidents of Water Pollution in China in 2011-2015 and Their Causes.[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(9): 775-782.

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2011-2015年我国水污染事件及原因分析

Accidents of Water Pollution in China in 2011-2015 and Their Causes.

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