南方冬季种养结合模式对双季稻田CH4和CO2排放的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.05.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以不同冬季种养结合模式下双季稻田系统为研究对象，采用静态箱-便携式温室气体自动分析仪法研究了冬闲田不同种养制度下双季稻田CH₄和CO₂排放特征，同时分析了CH₄和CO₂排放与主要环境和植株因子的相关性。结果表明：与冬季休闲-双季稻相比，冬季种植绿肥或绿肥结合养鸡对稻田CH₄和CO₂排放的季节变化模式无明显影响，但对排放通量有影响。2个稻季，冬季种植紫云英（Astragalus sinicus）结合养鸡处理CO₂累积排放量较冬闲、冬季种植黑麦草（Lolium perenne）、冬季种植紫云英、冬季种植黑麦草结合养鸡处理分别提高150.23%、2 034.43%、102.08%和98.68%（P<0.05）。与冬闲-双季稻相比，冬季种植紫云英结合养鸡显著降低2个稻季CH₄累积排放量的42.67%（P<0.05），冬季种植黑麦草结合养鸡和冬季种植紫云英处理分别提高21.40%和48.55%（P<0.05）。CH₄排放通量与气温呈极显著正相关，与植株地上部干物重和体积呈极显著负相关。CO₂排放通量与植株地上部干物重和体积呈极显著正相关，与土温呈极显著负相关，与光合有效辐射（PAR）呈显著负相关。

关键词: 冬闲田, 种养结合, 温室气体, 排放通量

Abstract:

A field experiment in the "winter green manure-double cropping rice" and the "winter planting and breeding-double cropping rice" was conducted to measure the CH₄ and CO₂ emissions under different planting and breeding systems. The gas emissions were measured using the static chamber plus a greenhouse gas analyzer. The correlation between CH₄ and CO₂ emissions and main environmental factors and plant factors was also analyzed. The winter plants include ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus). The goal of this rotation system is to return green manure and chicken manure to soils and reduce the application amount of fertilizers during the rice growing period. The results shows that compared with the winter fallow-double cropping rice, winter planting green manure or planting and breeding had no obvious effect on the seasonal variation of CH₄ and CO₂ emission in the paddy field, but affected the magnitude of the fluxes. The CO₂ cumulative emissions of the "milk vetch and grazing chickens treatment" were higher than the "winter fallow treatment", the "ryegrass treatment", the "milk vetch", and the "ryegrass and chicken treatment" by 150.23%, 2 034.43%, 102.08% and 98.68%, respectively (P<0.05). Compared with the winter fallow-double cropping rice, the milk vetch and chicken treatment significantly reduced the cumulative emissions of CH₄ by 42.67% (P<0.05), and "ryegrass and chicken treatment" and "milk vetch treatment" increased by 21.40% and 48.55%, respectively (P<0.05). CH₄ flux was positively correlated with air temperature, and negatively correlated with dry weight and aboveground volume. There was a significant positive correlation between CO₂ flux, dry weight and aboveground plant volume. The CO₂ flux was negatively correlated with soil temperature and PAR.

Key words: winter fallow field, chicken grazing in winter fallow paddy field, greenhouse gas, gas flux

中图分类号:

X712

周玲红, 魏甲彬, 成小琳, 唐启源, 肖志祥, 徐华勤, 唐剑武, 傅志强. 南方冬季种养结合模式对双季稻田CH₄和CO₂排放的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(5): 433-440.

ZHOU Ling-hong, WEI Jia-bin, CHENG Xiao-lin, TANG Qi-yuan, XIAO Zhi-xiang, XU Hua-qin, TANG Jian-wu, FU Zhi-qiang. Effects of Winter Green Manure Crops With and Without Chicken Grazing on CH₄ and CO₂ Emissions in a Double-Crop Rice Paddy Field in South China[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(5): 433-440.

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南方冬季种养结合模式对双季稻田CH₄和CO₂排放的影响

Effects of Winter Green Manure Crops With and Without Chicken Grazing on CH₄ and CO₂ Emissions in a Double-Crop Rice Paddy Field in South China

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