凤眼莲深度净化污水厂尾水生态工程中温室气体的排放特征

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2017.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构建凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）三级串联净化塘生态工程，对村镇污水处理厂尾水进行深度处理，采用自主研发的原位收集气体装置联合气相色谱法，于2015年8-11月采集并监测生态工程中排放的温室气体（CO₂、CH₄和N₂O），分析其排放特征，并探讨主要水体环境因子与气体释放之间的相关性。结果显示，生态工程对尾水TN和TP具有良好的净化效果，去除率分别达68.07%和64.21%；出水TN和TP浓度接近GB 3838-2002《地表水环境质量标准》的Ⅴ类标准。运行期间，生态工程中CO₂、CH₄和N₂O平均排放通量分别为0.058、0.076和1.539 mg·m^-2·h^-1，实验期内CO₂、CH₄和N₂O累积释放总量分别为1.273、1.685和33.59 kg。CO₂和CH₄排放通量呈现明显的季节变化特征，夏季释放通量远高于秋季，N₂O排放通量未表现明显季节变化特征；沿生态工程水流方向上，CO₂、CH₄和N₂O排放通量均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。相关性分析结果表明，CO₂和CH₄排放通量与水温呈显著正相关（P<0.05），CO₂排放通量分别与pH值和DO呈显著负相关（P<0.05），CH₄排放通量分别与pH值和DO呈负相关（P>0.05）；N₂O排放通量分别与TN和NO₃^--N浓度呈正相关（P>0.05）。

关键词: 凤眼莲, 生活污水, 深度净化, 温室气体, 排放通量

Abstract:

An ecological wastewater purifying project consisting of three ponds with Eichhornia crassipes growing therein connected in tandem was constructed for in-depth purifying tail water from a town-run sewage treatment plant. Greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O) emitted in the operation of the project were collected and analyzed with a home-developed in-situ bubble trapping device coupled with gas chromatography during the period of August-November, 2015 to explore characteristics of the emission and relationship of the emission with the main environmental factors of the waterbody. Results show that the ecological project performed quite well in removing TN and TP with a rate up to 68.07% and 64.21%, respectively. The concentration of TN in the effluent of the project approached to the criteria of Grade V of the "Standard for Environmental Quality of Surface Water (GB 3838-2002)" and the concentration of TP was lower than the criteria. During the study period from August to November in 2015, the average flux of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O emitted from the project was 0.058, 0.076 and 1.539 mg·m^-2·h^-1, respectively, and the cumulative emission of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O reached 1.273, 1.685 and 33.59 kg, respectively. The fluxes of CO₂ and CH₄ varied significantly with the season, being much higher in summer than in autumn, whereas the flux of N₂O did not. Along the direction against the water flow in the ecological project, the fluxes of CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O increased first and then declined. Correlation analysis shows that the fluxes of CO₂ and CH₄ were closely and positively related (P<0.05) to the temperature of water in the ponds; the flux of CO₂ was significantly and negatively related (P<0.05) to pH and DO; the flux of CH₄ was negatively related (P>0.05) to pH and DO; and the flux of N₂O was positively related (P>0.05) to TN and NO₃^--N concentrations in the water. All the findings in this study may serve as a useful reference for evaluation of greenhouse gases emission from ecological wastewater treatment projects of ponds grown with Eichhornia crassipes.

Key words: Eichhornia crassipes, domestic sewage, in-depth treatment, greenhouse gas, emission flux

中图分类号:

邱园园, 张志勇, 张晋华, 张迎颖, 闻学政, 宋伟, 王岩, 刘海琴. 凤眼莲深度净化污水厂尾水生态工程中温室气体的排放特征[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2017, 33(4): 364-371.

QIU Yuan-yuan, ZHANG Zhi-yong, ZHANG Jin-hua, ZHANG Ying-ying, WEN Xue-zheng, SONG Wei, WANG Yan, LIU Hai-qin. Greenhouse Gases Emission in Operation of Constructed Eichhornia crassipes Ecological Ponds In-Depth Purifying Tail Water From Sewage Treatment Plants[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2017, 33(4): 364-371.

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