广州大气PM2.5中含碳组分的污染特征及来源解析

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.07.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

于2015年1月至11月在广州利用大流量大气颗粒物采样器采集细颗粒物（PM_2.5）样品，并利用热光反射法（TOR）测定大气颗粒物中有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）浓度。结果表明，广州ρ（PM_2.5）年均值为（69.5±35.6）μg·m^-3，是GB 3095-2012《环境空气质量标准》中PM_2.5年均质量浓度二级标准限值（35 μg·m^-3）的2.0倍，表明广州大气细颗粒物污染严重。OC、EC和总碳气溶胶（TCA）的年均质量浓度分别为（8.31±4.53）、（3.56±2.72）和（16.85±9.60）μg·m^-3，分别占PM_2.5质量浓度的13.2%、5.9%和27.0%，表明含碳组分是PM_2.5的重要组成部分。OC和EC浓度季节变化规律存在差异性，OC浓度在冬季最高，而EC浓度在秋季最高。OC和EC的相关性弱和比值高的特征结果表明冬季二次有机碳（SOC）污染最严重，其平均质量浓度为6.9 μg·m^-3，占OC质量浓度的62.4%。主成分分析结果表明，冬季和春季广州PM_2.5中碳组分来源较复杂，主要包括机动车尾气、燃煤和生物质燃烧，夏季碳组分的主导污染来源是燃煤和机动车尾气，而秋季碳组分主要来源于机动车尾气。

关键词: 广州, PM_2.5, 含碳组分, 季节变化, 来源解析

Abstract:

Daily PM_2.5 samples were collected from January to November of 2015 in Guangzhou. Mass concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were determined by the means of thermal/optical reflection (TOR) methods. The results show that the annual average concentration of PM_2.5 was (69.5±35.6) μg·m^-3 which is two times that of secondary standard limits of the latest national standard GB 3095-2012 (Ambient Air Quality Standard)(35 μg·m^-3), suggesting serious PM_2.5 pollution in Guangzhou. The annual average concentrations of OC, EC, total carbonaceous aerosols were (8.31±4.53), (3.56±2.72), (16.85±9.60) μg·m^-3, with their proportions of 13.2%, 5.9%, 27.0% to PM_2.5 mass concentrations, respectively, indicating that carbonaceous species were important components in PM_2.5. The differences of seasonal variation were observed between OC and EC. The OC highest concentration was observed in winter while EC highest concentration was in autumn. Poorer correlations and higher ratios of OC and EC indicated that the most serious secondary organic carbon (SOC) pollution was in winter. The SOC concentration in winter was 6.9 μg·m^-3, accounting for 62.4% of OC concentration. Source apportionment results of principle component analysis (PCA) show that the sources of carbonaceous components were complex in winter and spring and the main sources were vehicle exhausts, coal combustion and biomass burning, while the dominated sources in summer were coal combustion and vehicle exhausts, and the dominated source in autumn was vehicle exhausts.

Key words: Guangzhou, PM_2.5, carbonaceous species, seasonal variation, source apportionment

中图分类号:

张晓雨, 赵欣, 应蓉蓉, 吉贵祥, 韩彩云, 孔令雅, 冯艳红, 单艳红, 林玉锁. 广州大气PM_2.5中含碳组分的污染特征及来源解析[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(7): 659-666.

ZHANG Xiao-yu, ZHAO Xin, YING Rong-rong, JI Gui-xiang, HAN Cai-yun, KONG Ling-ya, FENG Yan-hong, SHAN Yan-hong, LIN Yu-suo. Characteristics and Source Apportionments of Carbonaceous Components in Atmospheric Fine Particles in Guangzhou[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(7): 659-666.

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广州大气PM_2.5中含碳组分的污染特征及来源解析

Characteristics and Source Apportionments of Carbonaceous Components in Atmospheric Fine Particles in Guangzhou

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