水热及裂解生物炭对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响

doi:10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.08.012

生态与农村环境学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (8): 755-761.doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.08.012

水热及裂解生物炭对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响

王悦满^1,2, 冯彦房², 杨林章^1,2, 刘杨², 侯朋福², 李辉信¹, 薛利红^1,2

1. 南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院, 江苏南京 210095;
2. 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室, 江苏南京 210014

收稿日期:2017-12-20 出版日期:2018-08-25 发布日期:2018-08-23
通讯作者: 薛利红,E-mail:njxuelihong@gmail.com E-mail:njxuelihong@gmail.com
作者简介:王悦满(1993-),女,江苏镇江人,硕士生,主要从事生物炭的环境效应研究。E-mail:yuemanwang@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41401345，41601319）；农业公益性行业科研专项（201503106）；江苏省自主创新项目[CX（15）1004]

Effects of Hydrochar and Pyrochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

WANG Yue-man^1,2, FENG Yan-fang², YANG Lin-zhang^1,2, LIU Yang², HOU Peng-fu², LI Hui-xin¹, XUE Li-hong^1,2

1. College of Resources and Environment Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China;
2. Institute of Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China

Received:2017-12-20 Online:2018-08-25 Published:2018-08-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

将生物质（锯末）分别在高温裂解（500℃）和水热炭化（260℃）条件下制备得到裂解生物炭（PSBC）和水热生物炭（HSBC），采用土柱试验方法对比PSBC和HSBC在不同施加量（w=0.5%，w=3%）条件下对水稻生长、产量及氮素利用效率的影响。结果表明，PSBC-0.5%和HSBC-0.5%处理对水稻产量无显著影响（P>0.05），PSBC-3%处理对水稻产量和生长的影响较小；而HSBC-3%处理则导致水稻产量下降64.73%，且主要对产量因子中的每穗总粒数和结实率产生负面影响。水稻氮素利用效率分析表明，与施氮对照（CKU）相比，PSBC-0.5%处理水稻籽粒吸氮量、氮肥吸收利用率和农学效率分别提高23.68%、57.46%和1.86%；而HSBC-3%处理显著抑制水稻生长，籽粒吸氮量比CKU降低67.46%，氮肥吸收利用率和农学效率则呈负值。研究表明，高施加量HSBC对水稻生长有显著负面影响，而低施加量HSBC对水稻生长影响不显著。因此，在将水热炭应用于农田时，需严格控制其施用量或对水热炭进行改良，提高其生物兼容性，防止对农业生产造成不利影响。

关键词: 水热炭化, 高温裂解, 施加量, 水稻产量, 氮素利用率

Abstract:

Biochar has received extensive attention as soil amendment, solid carbon sequestration and pollution reduction method in recent years. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass to produce hydrothermal carbon, i. e., hydrochar, has attracted great interest in the past few years. Hydrochar produced with HTC process exhibited many advantages over pyrochar, such as lower side-effects during production, less energy consumption as well as higher yield and better application prospect as precursor. However, there were limited studies on the application of hydrochar to farmland, and up to now, few reports are related to the application of hydrochar to rice paddy field. Herein, soil column experiment was conducted and hyrochar was for the first time applied to rice paddy field. As comparison, biochar prepared under high temperature pyrolysis conditions (pyrochar, PSBC) and hydrothermal carbonized conditions (hydrochar, HSBC) of sawdust were applied with two application rates (w=0.5%, w=3%, respectively). And their influences on rice growth, yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were evaluated. Results show that PSBC-0.5% and HSBC-0.5% were observed no significant effect on rice yield (P>0.05). PSBC-3% had no prominent influence on rice yield and growth, surprisingly, HSBC-3% induced a significant reduction (P<0.05) by 64.73% in rice yield, mainly resulted from the reduction of grains per spike and seed setting rate. Additionally, nitrogen uptake of grain, NUE and agronomic efficiency of PSBC-0.5% treatment increased by 23.68%, 57.46% and 1.86% compared with CKU, respectively. In contrast, the treatment of HSBC-3% significantly inhibited rice growth, which reduced nitrogen uptake of grain by 67.46% compared with CKU, and the utilization efficiency and agronomy efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer were negative. Results show that HSBC with high application rate had a significant negative impact on rice growth, while this phenomenon was not observed in low application rate of HSBC. Therefore, to prevent the adverse effects on agricultural production, hydrochar application rate should be controlled strictly or some engineering pretreatment measures are recommended to improve their biocompatibility.

Key words: hydrothermal carbonation, pyrolysis, application rate, rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency

中图分类号:

王悦满, 冯彦房, 杨林章, 刘杨, 侯朋福, 李辉信, 薛利红. 水热及裂解生物炭对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 2018, 34(8): 755-761.

WANG Yue-man, FENG Yan-fang, YANG Lin-zhang, LIU Yang, HOU Peng-fu, LI Hui-xin, XUE Li-hong. Effects of Hydrochar and Pyrochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J]. Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment, 2018, 34(8): 755-761.

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水热及裂解生物炭对水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响

Effects of Hydrochar and Pyrochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

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